Rational Theory

This paper introduces Rational System Perspectives in relations to four promin ent schools of organization theory; which are Taylor’s scientific management, Fayol’s general principles of management, Weber’s theory of bureaucracy and Simon’s discussion on administrative behavior. Rational System Perspectives There are two key elements characterizing rational systems: 1) Goal Specificity Specific goals support rational behavior in organizations by providing guideli nes on structural design, which leads to specify what tasks are to be performe d and how resources are to be allocated. ) Formalization Formalization is an attempt to make behavior more predictable by standardizing and regulating. Formalization provides stable expectation, which is a precond ition to rationality. Selected schools The author related rational system perspectives to four schools of organizatio nal theories. Taylor’s Scientific Management (1911) Taylor Scientifically analyzed t asks performed by individual workers and disco vered the best procedure that would produce the maximum output with the minimu m input of resources.His attempts (to rationalize labor at level of the indiv idual worker )led to changes in the entire structure of work arrangement. Ther efore, efficiency improved. His four principles includes: 1) Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work. 2) Scientifically select and train workers. 3) Heartily cooperate with workers to ensure that each work is done as plan. 4) Divide work and responsibilities between management and workers. Taylor also proposed the use of incentive system based on performance as a mot ivation tool.Arguments: 1) Workers resisted time-study procedures that attempt to standardize every as pect of their performance. 2) Workers rejected incentive system requiring them to perform continuously at a peak level of efficiency. Fayol’s Administrative Theory (1916) Fayol emphasized management functions by proposing broad administrative principles as guidelines to achieve rationalization of organizational activiti es. Fayol’s and other supporters believed in two main types of management activi ties. ) Coordination includes any elements related to collaborations of individuals such as scalar chain, unity of command, span of control and exception princip le. 2) Specialization involves various activities distributed among positions abou t how such positions can most effectively be grouped into work units. For exam ple, departmentalization, line-staff principle. Arguments: Herbert Simon was one of the main opponents of this theory. He commenced that so-called principles are truthful, but not realistic. Thus, they are inapplica ble (details will be discussed).Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy (1922) Weber developed a theory of authority structures and describes organizational activity on the basis of authority relations. By building the structure, task responsibilities and de cision-making authorities would be clearly defined. He proposed that rational-legal authority (the authority a person possesses be cause of his/her position in an organization, not because of wealth, social st atus or individual’s admirable character) provides the value to develop the u niversal authority structure called â€Å"bureaucracy†.Weber’s ideal bureaucracy principles includes: 1) Division of labor. Jobs are broken down into simple, routine, and well-defi ned tasks. 2) Authority hierarchy. Positions are organized in a hierarchy, each lower one being controlled and supervised by a higher one. 3) Formal selection. Members are selected on the basis of technical qualificat ions (training, education of formal examination). 4) Formal rules and regulations. Managers must depend on formal rules to ensur e uniformity. 5) Impersonality. There is no personal preference of employees. ) Career orientation. Managers do not own the units they manage. They work fo r sa lary and pursue their careers. Arguments There are self-contradictions in Weber’s principles. 1) Management based on discipline: individuals obey the rules and orders becau se they regard the rules and orders as methods to fulfill organizational goals . Therefore, obedience is a mean to an end. 2) Management based on bureaucracy: individuals obey the rules because rules a re considered as commands, setting aside their judgements. Thus, obedience is an end itself.Simon’s Theory of Administrative Behavior (1958) Simon proposed a more realistic view related to rational system perspectives b y pointing out the boundaries (limits and constraints) on how rational manager s can be in making decisions. He introduced the term â€Å"bounded rationality†. Rather than pursuing all alternatives to identify the best solution that would maximize returns, managers will choose the solution that appears to solve the problem, even though they realized the chosen solution is not th e best one, d ue to time/cost constraints and other limitations.Furthermore, Simon clarified the process by which goal specificity and formali zation contribute to rational behavior in organization. Goal specificity: He introduced â€Å"means-ends chains† which establish a hierar chy of goals. According to organizational level, each level of activity is con sidered as an end relative to the levels below it and as a mean relative to th e level above it. Formalization: Simon believed formalized structure supports rational decision making in the sense that formalization simplifies a border of responsibilities among participants and provides participants with guidelines to handle them.Conceptual Framework (means) (ends) Formalization Goal Specificity Input Output Rational System Conclusion 1. Rationality in this paper can be viewed in two senses as follows: 1. 1) Technical or Functional rationality which can be attained through a serie s of actions (means) which lead to predeterm ined goals (ends) with maximum eff iciency. In short, Technical or Functional rationality emphasizes instrumental means-ends efficiency. Taylor’s and Fayol’s theories are related to rationa lity in this sense. 1. ) Formal rationality which can be derived through imposing rules an regulations to organization. Weber defined bureaucracy as rational in this sen se. 2. Level of Analysis 1. 1) Social psychological level. Taylor and Simon focus on individual participants as they perform tasks or make decision. 1. 2) Structural level. Fayol and Weber attempt to analyze the characteristics of organizational structures. Direction for my further research According to the paper above, I would like to examine which ideas of the above theories are still applicable to current information technology era.Furtherm ore, adding to my personal interest in strategic management, I would like to a nalyze how classical theories influence managers on strategic decision-making. Please see the su mmarized table in the next page. Table: Summarize and compare four organization theories. Taylor Fayol Weber Simon Year introduced 1911 1916 1922 1958 Means l Scientifically analyzed tasks performed by individual workers. l Concer ned with management at the shop levels l Generated broad administration princi ples. l Focused on activities of all managers l Described organizational activi ty on the basis of authority relations. Proposed rational-legal authority as a value to develop bureaucracy. l Proposed â€Å"bounded rationality† individuals have limits (boundaries) on how rational they can be. l Introduced means-ends chains. Ends Max. efficiency by using one best way. Max. efficiencyby using management expertise Max. efficiency by using bureaucratic structure Choose a fairly goo d solution, not optimal one. Assumptions Technical & Functional Rationality Technical & Functional Rational ity Formal Rationality Bounded rationalityLevel of Analysis Social Psychological Structura l Structural SocialPsychologic al Arguments 1) Workers resistedTime-study procedures, attempting to standardize every aspect of performance. 2) Workers rejected incentive system, requiring th em to perform continuously at a peak of efficiency. 1) So-called principles ar e truthful, but not realistic. 2) Simon: Due to limitations & constraints, the se principles are not thoroughly applicable. Self-contradictions 1) Based on d iscipline: Obedience is a mean to an end. 2) Based on bureaucracy: Obedience is an end itself.

Prison Term Policy

Darrell Cook In the criminal Justice field, laws has been set and made to ensure the safety and the protection of the citizen of today. When criminals commit a crime they will be punish and will be prosecuted under the law of the crime that they have committed. When it comes to police policy, it is written to assist the courts in the sentencing, depending on the type of crime that was made.Every year the prison policies are changed, criminals that are convicted of a crime may face a longer sentence than a arson that is currently in prison for the same crime, because of the prison policies have changed. Therefore, the prison policy for convicted felonies is being reviewed by the state legislature and must be voted on, so that the bill can be passed. As a criminologist, I have done my research on arm robberies and robberies occurs when someone property is taken by force; meaning when an armed robbery is using some type of weapon to take possession of something from someone.According to my research, Armed Robberies isn't Just taking something from someone that doesn't along to you; its more than that, it's a violent offense when someone is using a firearm or some other type of weapon. When a weapon is including in an arm robbery, it is viewed a more seriousness crime, even when a person is using a fake weapon they still will be charged as an armed robbery. So in my opinion, my recommendation would be to double the maximum prison term for repeat offenders. As first time offenders I don't believed it should be double Max prison term, because in today society you have young teens that are committing arm robberies.When it moms to the young teens, there has to be a question to why they are committing such felony like this. The teens of today are committing these crimes because they are trying to keep up with the latest foot wear and clothes, because their parent's can't afford it. But I do believe and recommend that if these teens continue to commit these crimes over a nd over that they also can receive the Max prison term, like they say â€Å"if you can do the crime you can do the time†. In each state the length of sentence is different for a person that commits and convicted of arm robbery.As the criminologist, this bill going to be voted on rather to double the maximum prison term for anyone that is convicted of robbery. I think it will be a good ideal for the legislature official to review the statistics of armed robberies and the ages of the convicted felonies that commit these violent crimes. Also compare all other normal robberies that are not violent crimes. I also think that citizens of the community should be able to speak about this bill and see what they have to say about this bill being passed. Www. mygeorgiadefenselawyer. Com/Georgia-criminal-offenses†¦ /robbery

Mcdonalds Corporate Identity

Corporate identity is the most significant element to create and strengthen a company's industrial presence among the competitors. Corporate identity helps a company to establish a name in the consumer's mind and communicate its image to the target group from the shortest way. While exposing the positive sides among the competitors, it presents the first sights about the qualifications like quality, trust and stability.If an organization is ruled by the principles rather than the managers or in other words if the principles remain unchanged although the managers are replaced and if that particular organization has qualifications and standards which separates it from the others than we can conclude that organization is a corporation. Corporations do not really need very strong managers. A manager's success in a corporation is measured by his ability to apply and adapt the existing principles. Main idea behind a corporate identity program is to explain the organization itself and its p urpose explicitly in all the business done.Recent surveys indicated that average human brain is only capable of dealing with seven different units at most at the same time and also ranking them according to the priorities. Companies are bombarding the consumers with advertisements in the daily life. For instance one thousand and two hundreds of advertisements are aired per day on a channel in Germany. Products with no name and no specific producer have almost no chance in an environment like this. Although consumers say that they are not affected bu the advertisements, they still prefer the brands they heard before or seen somewhere.They prefer the brands they recognize. How do the consumers recognize the brands? They are always facing the products but they do not have enough information about the producers. Because normally consumers do not have the opportunity to look around the production facilities, walk into the offices and get to know with the managers. The identity allows us to identify a particular object and separate it from the identical. If an organization has no identity than it is invisible to the consumers. First McDonald's restaurant was opened in 1954 by Dick and Mac McDonald in California, San Bernardino.Now McDonald's is the leading global food service retailer with more than 32,000 local restaurants serving more than 60 million people in 117 countries each day. McDonald's is operated globally from the company headquarters in Oak Brook near Chicago. Again in Oak Brook, lots of restaurant owners and employees around the world are trained in the international education center called Hamburger University every year. More than 75% of McDonald's restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent local men and women. [1] All the restaurants are operated either by the company or by franchisees.Controlled by the company and operated independently, distribution centers supply the products to all restaurants. Additionally, all the restaurant e mployees are trained in storage, handling and arrangement of products and in the delivery of customer service. Operating in 117 countries, McDonald's has around 1. 7 million employees all around the world in more than 32. 000 restaurants according to the corporate website. Two-thirds of hourly paid staff are high-school graduates aged between 16 and 20. 90% of staff work for 35 hours per week or less. 2] McDonald's offers a complete benefits package involving health protection, payment, rewards, opportunity to invest for the future to its employees. Although the company claims to offer nice conditions for the employees, recently some of the employes filed lawsuits against the company. One of them sued the company for weight gain and won. Employees are given video tapes designed to make the employee feel comfortable about their first days and give them basic information about McDonald's. The tapes are considered unrealistic and cliche by the viewers.People all around the world prefer McDonald's because of the standards put by the managers. McDonald's standards was formed by Ray Kroc when he explored the way to create customer loyalty is by assuring quality, successful service and comprehensive cleaning. Since then all the moves to improve McDonald's system is done according to the standards. That's how McDonald's is separated from the other restaurants. With the help of this standards McDonald's create a corporate identity formed by products&service, environment, information and behavior and thus ensures customer loyalty.The feeling styled by a powerful corporate identity creates a perception of belonging within the employees and flowing out to the customers it can increase customer loyalty. It also helps the company to deal with vendors and suppliers as well as employees since it explicitly communicates the values and purpose of the organization. Corporate identity is managed well by McDonald's through its history. For instance, since the consumer group is cha nging McDonald's changed its brand image targeting from children into adults to save the customer loyalty.Two years ago McDonald's was at the top of â€Å"Brand Keys Customer Loyalty Engagement Index Rankings† in the fast food category. Although the company was not doing well in the rankings lately due to the rumors about the fast food, they have shown a great progress and ranked first in the list. [3] People all around the world prefer McDonald's because of the standards put by the managers. McDonald's standards was formed by Ray Kroc when he explored the way to create customer loyalty is by assuring quality, successful service and comprehensive cleaning. Since then all the moves to improve McDonald's system is done according to the standards.That's how McDonald's is separated from the other restaurants. With the help of this standards McDonald's create a corporate identity formed by products;service, environment, information and behavior and thus ensures customer loyalty. T he feeling styled by a powerful corporate identity creates a perception of belonging within the employees and flowing out to the customers it can increase customer loyalty. It also helps the company to deal with vendors and suppliers as well as employees since it explicitly communicates the values and purpose of the organization.Corporate identity is managed well by McDonald's through its history. For instance, since the consumer group is changing McDonald's changed its brand image targeting from children into adults to save the customer loyalty. Two years ago McDonald's was at the top of â€Å"Brand Keys Customer Loyalty Engagement Index Rankings† in the fast food category. Although the company was not doing well in the rankings lately due to the rumors about the fast food, they have shown a great progress and ranked first in the list.According to the recent studies while satisfied customer will tell four or five others about a pleasant experience, unsatisfied ones will tell seven to thirteen others about it. More important than that unhappy customers keep voicing their dissatisfaction for up to twenty-three years. [4] The most important issue about recovering a lost customer is to come to the realization that the company has made a mistake somewhere and there is a problem with customer satisfaction. There are only seldom cases when there is a misunderstanding regarding the issue and therefore it would be wiser to assume that the customer is right and demands attention.Thus, the personnel should be trained in such a way that he or she will do everything at his or her disposal to help the customer. In very few cases, an unsatisfied customer is the one who has received absolutely terrible service in regards to the product or the service itself. Most of the time however, a lost customer is not a customer who has been unsatisfied once but rather a customer who has been unsatisfied and also has been unsatisfied with the help he or she received regarding the issue.Thus, a professional intervention at the right time equals success in bringing the customer back and thus customer policy should be constructed around this philosophy. Mc Donald’s in this sense provides full responsibility for its products, the behavior of its employees and managers, the hygiene of its workplaces and most importantly the responsibility to help those who felt that their hard earned money has not bought enough service through whichever means possible. If a customer finds out that his or her burger has not been cooked well, McDonald’s employees know that they should replace it with a proper one.If the customer is irritated by an individual in the restaurant who poses a threat to others, the McDonald’s security knows how to handle the situation. If a customer is concerned about the hygiene of the kitchen, the manager knows how to convince the customer that the restaurant’s kitchen is up to universal hygiene standards. In other words, M cDonald’s intends on pleasing its customers by convincing them that every service they get is superior and the employees are trained to prove it for the customer’s satisfaction.When a customer at a McDonald’s restaurant has a problem with any aspect of the service, he or she is not confronted with a negative attitude, an uncaring approach or a simple â€Å"Take it or leave it† mentality but rather finds a helpful employee looking forward for helping the McDonald’s customer. Thus, the McDonald’s employee training program is a very important part of the company’s appeal. McDonald’s not only picks its employees through an exclusive and selective process but also provides them with a training to make sure that they are provided with the skills to cope with possible emergent problems.In this sense, the company introduces its own policies, procedures and techniques in regards to the business itself but also puts its employees through a psychological training where they are posed with possible problematic scenarios and their responses are demanded. Instead of coming up with a â€Å"To-Do List† that every customer needs to follow, McDonald’s provides possible scenarios that require thinking and action on behalf of the employee.Of course, this does not mean that the company does not have a â€Å"To-Do List† or even maybe several of them but rather it means that it asks for its employees’ contribution in a troubled situation for perfection in service.http://www. aboutmcdonalds. com/mcd/our_company. html [2]http://www. bized. co. uk/compfact/mcdonalds/mc14. htm [3]http://www. brandweek. com/bw/news/recent_display. jsp? vnu_content_id=1003711787 [4]http://www. smartbiz. com/article/articleview/112/1/7/

Improving organisational performance Assignment

Improving organisational performance - Assignment Example Human resource practices that strategic human resources management scholars consider performance enhancing are referred to as high performance work practices (HPWPs).These are essentially work practices that can be introduced in the organization deliberately in order to improve organizational performance. A widely accepted definition of the term is that they are a set of complimentary work practices that cover three broad areas which are sometimes referred to as bundles of practices. They include: High employee involvement practice such as self-directed teams, quality circles and sharing/access to company information; human resource practices for example a sophisticated recruitment process, performance appraisal. Work redesign and mentoring; reward and commitment practices that include various financial rewards, family friendly policies, job rotation and flexi hours. Combs, Liu, Hall, & Ketchen (2006: 502) argue that these practices increase employee’s knowledge, skills and ab ilities (KSAs), empower employees to leverage their KSAs for organizational benefit, and increase their motivation to do so. The result of this is greater job satisfaction, lower employee turnover, higher productivity and better decision making all of which help to improve organizational performance (Wilson, 2005, p. 38). Aspect capital is a leading financial services company is the United Kingdom that applies a systematic and quantitative approach to investment management with the purpose of diversifying alpha for the company’s client portfolios. The company manages over USD 6.7 billion which it has exclusively invested in the aspect diversified program through a series of fund and client specific managed account vehicles (AC, 2012). Established 15 years ago the company has already established itself as a leading financial services company through the extensive support from a team that has extensive experience in the development and implementation of systematic

Effects of eating too much junk food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effects of eating too much junk food - Essay Example Junk food affects children’s diet. This is evidenced by the fact that children who consume many snacks loose appetite for meals. In relation to this assertion, it is evident that improper diet results in nutritional imbalance for children, which has the potential to retard their growth and development. For instance, Jia (95) claims that imbalance of nutrition affects the development of a child’s brain and body. Also, children who consume lots of junk food such as chips, candy and burgers become overweight. Majority of the heart diseases, unfortunately, are as a result of adding up extra weight. Unfortunately, overweight children tend not to like exercising. Such children not only become clumsy, but also lose confidence in themselves. Additionally, it is evident that obesity may result in shortness of breath as well as enhance the development of asthma in addition to sleep apnea. Consumption of high amounts of fast food also affects the formation of skin and bones. This is evidenced by the fact that food rich in carbohydrates increase blood sugar levels triggering acne. Additionally, the consumptions of foods rich in carbs and sugar make the bacteria residing inside the mouth to produce acid that destroy tooth enamel, one of the contributing factors in dental cavities. Consumption of junk foods also hampers with the health of adults. According to Jia (94), the food rich in calories results in the accumulation of fat in the body, especially in elderly people. Too much fat in the body can lead to the occurrence of diabetes, especially when the disease is genetic. Since junk food contains large amounts of calories, consuming junk food is one of the causes of serious diseases in adults (Jia 95). For instance, junk food clogs arteries, which means it affects the flow of blood around the body. Unfortunately, this complication can kill a person

Vegetarian is healthy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Vegetarian is healthy - Research Paper Example What are the advantages of becoming a vegetarian? What are the health risks associated with being a vegetarian? An Overview of a Vegetarian lifestyle In the world of today, the diet of vegetarians has become common all over the world, with a number of people throughout the world preferring to become vegetarians. Most people are of the argument that embracing a vegetarian diet can be regarded as essential for a healthy life. Organizations that agitate for the rights of animals discourage people from eating meat, chicken or fish. The diet of vegetarians mainly contains fruits, vegetables, as well as whole grains. Vegetarians argue that what they take can be considered as the best combination of a healthy diet. However, there are counter arguments that seem to discredit vegetarian meals, arguing that these meals are not complete. It has been argued that, despite the nutritional benefits of a vegetarian diet, the meals taken by vegetarians cannot fulfill all the body’s nutritional requirements (Maurer 1-10). Categories of Vegetarians There are various categories of vegetarians, which include semi-vegetarian, lacto-vegetarian, pesci-vegetarian, and ovo-vegetarian. A semi-vegetarian refers to a vegetarian who eats meat, but only meat from chicken and fish. A lacto-vegetarian encompasses a vegetarian who may eat dairy products; however, he or she does not eat eggs. Most of these vegetarians are found in the Hindu religion who takes dairy products, but for religious reasons avoid eggs; a pesci-vegetarian eats fish only. The category of ovo-vegetarians includes people who eat eggs but tend to avoid dairy products, as well as meat (Brown 1-144). Body Arguments for being Vegetarians There are several benefits that accrue when a person becomes a vegetarian as compared to a person who eats meat, poultry, and fish. These benefits consist of the advantages of becoming a vegetarian. One of the arguments that support a vegetarian lifestyle emanates from the fact that a v egetarian diet is rich in fiber, Vitamin C and folate. The diet of vegetarians includes nuts, grains, seeds, fruits, cereals, vegetables and beans. Components such as fruits and vegetables provide minerals and vitamins that play an essential role for enhancing a healthy body. Seeds and beans act as reliable sources of proteins. Vegetables have phytochemicals, which play an essential role in preventing a person from contracting some chronic illnesses. Moreover, green leafy vegetables can be regarded as a credible source of antioxidants. Beneficial enzymes, natural sugars, as well as trace elements, can be derived from fruits and vegetables that vegetarians eat (Brown 1-144). Another benefit that a person can derive when he, or she is a vegetarian is that they take few chemicals by engaging in a vegetarian lifestyle. Those people who take animal products eat as much as the chemicals that the animals eat. Every bite of either pork hotdog or beef contains several pesticides that cause c ancer. Beef and dairy products are also known to be the primary source of contamination that results from nuclear radiation. Animal fat contains industrial pollutants, pesticides, and sex hormones that have effects of estrogen and can cause breast cancer. Vegetarians are free from these contaminants that can accumulate in human fat and reach higher levels than food, thus causing breast cancer. Thus, a vegetarian life

An Investigation of Career Barriers for Female Television News Anchor Dissertation - 2

An Investigation of Career Barriers for Female Television News Anchor in Nigeria - Dissertation Example Nigerian Female TV Anchor-persons 13 2.2. Barriers for Electronic Media Women 14 2.2.1. Cultural Bias 14 2.2.2. Gender Role Conflict 14 2.2.3. Physical Appearance 15 2.2.4. Ageism 15 2.2.5. Sexual Harassment 16 2.3. Theories of Social Stereotyping 16 CHAPTER III 19 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 19 3.1. Research Design 19 3.2. Data Collection Procedure 20 3.2.1. Interview 20 3.2.2. Questionnaire 21 3.3. Sampling Technique 22 3.3.1. Sampling for the Interview 22 3.3.2. Sampling for the Questionnaire 23 3.4. Ethical Considerations 23 3.5. Validity of the Data 24 3.6. Reliability of the Data 24 3.7. Approach to Data Presentation and Analysis 24 3.8. Limitations of the Study 25 CHAPTER IV 26 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 26 4.1. Interviews 26 4.2. Questionnaires 27 4.2.1. Question 1 27 4.2.2. Question 2 28 4.2.3. Question 3 30 4.2.4. Question 4 31 4.2.5. Question 5 32 4.2.6. Question 6 32 4.2.7. Question 7 33 4.2.8. Question 8 35 4.2.9. Question 9 36 4.2.10. Question 10 37 CHAPTER V 39 CONCLUSION 39 REFERENCES 40 APPENDIX B 45 List of Tables Table 4.2.1 Responses to Professional Women 28 Table 4.2.2 Realization of the Productive Role of Women 29 Table 4.2.3 Conservativeness of the Role of Women as a Maid 30 Table 4.2.4 Suitability of Media for Females 31 Table 4.2.5 Suitability of News Anchor-ship for Females 32 Table 4.2.6 Acceptance of Media Women by the Society 33 Table 4.2.7 Influence of Ageism on Female Media Career 34 Table 4.2.8 Matrimonial Opportunities for media Women 35 Table 4.2.9 Possibility of Substitution of Female Newscasters by Males 35 Table 4.2.10 Permission to Adopt TV Profession 36 List of Illustrations Figure 4.1 Categorization of Female Interviewees 26 Figure 4.2.1 Responses to Professional Women 28 Figure 4.2.2 Realization of the Productive Role of Women 29 Figure 4.2.3 Conservativeness of the Role of Women as a Maid 30 Figure 4.2.4 Suitability of Media for Females 31 Figure 4.2.5 Suitability of News Anchor-ship for Females 32 Figure 4.2.6 Acceptance of Media Women by the Society 33 Figure 4.2.7 Influence of Ageism on Female Media Career 34 Figure 4.2.8 Matrimonial Opportunities for media Women 35 Figure 4.2.9 Possibility of Substitution of Female Newscasters by Males 36 Figure 4.2.10 Permission to Adopt TV Profession 37 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Women have always been suppressed and exploited in this world. Though this tendency has lessened to a greater degree in some of the developed countries, yet the condition in the under developed and developing countries have never changed. The societies, where men are domineering, condemn women as weak and a mere ‘bit of fluff’. To them, the place of a woman is within the four boundaries of a house where she is to serve male in various ways: mother, wife, sister, daughter, maid, etc. whatever the role is assigned to her, she is under the dominant male who is her lord and master. The condition in Nigeria is not much different. Though the doors of progress and technology have bee n opened to them, yet there are still so many hindrances which are blocking the women’s ways to independent success. This paper aims at exploration of such certain social, physical and suppressing factors which are deterring the female in Nigeria from progressing as T.V. news-casters. The paper also focuses at discovering the barriers in professional/career development of female news anchors that are already in the television news industry. 1.1. Background The Federal Republic of Nigeria is

File Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

File Management - Essay Example This essay focuses on analyzing and describing of modern file management and it's systems that refers to the fundamental methods used in naming, storing and handling computer files. In many applications today, a file acts as a central element, with the exception of the real-time and other specialized applications where, virtually, all output is saved within a file to provide for long term storage for future use by either the user or other programs. The lifespan for the files is independent of any applications that use them for their input-output functions. Therefore, users must be in a position to create access, save and maintain the files content and integrity. These actions encompass the file management systems. A typical file management system, that is discussed in the essay comprises of system utility programs running as privileged applications. Files are manageable in different ways based on platform and the type of file manager. Despite there being different kinds of file manag ers, effective file management must entail proper organization, management and location of directories, files and folders. In summary, file manager enhances locating the files, organizing, storing and backing up files. In organizing the files, the applications are made easier to find through creation of the program file. It is suggested that the documents with same file extensions can be saved in their own folders to facilitate easier and quick retrieval. The user can create nested folders within the folders to prevent orphans and widows.

Palestine by Joe Saco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Palestine by Joe Saco - Essay Example On reading Joe Sacco’s graphic creation ‘Palestine’, I had my personal encounter of Palestinians under tumultuous state of oppression. It was as if I inevitably swam from the surface down to depths and depths of grievances which the Palestinian nation has every right to raise against the bureaucratic Israel. For one, Palestinians must be delivered from taking the ordeal of battling with armed Israeli soldiers who ruthlessly torture them to psychological, emotional, and physical deaths. Second of all, they deserve more than to grieve or wail at occupied territories which drove them out of their homes since the 1960s, making them live in inhumanely poor shelter conditions as refugees dwelling in camps without paved roads, proper roofing nor toilets as depicted in Sacco’s reports – a picture worse than an abandoned civilization. Moreover, I personally advocate support for Palestinians who express grievance for the absence of fair trial when their family members are put to jail at Israeli’s unjust discretion. The enemy’s brutish behaviour of inflicting extreme physical harm against the innocent in jail who barely know the grounds for their suffering must be highly condemned indeed.

Occupational Health and Safety Management Essay - 1

Occupational Health and Safety Management - Essay Example Occupational health and Safety management promotes a safe and sound working environment for the workers and also ensure health to them. Safety and health of the employee are crucial to any organization as it is directly related to the productivity of an organization. According to (BIS,2010)â€Å"Health and safety are important aspects of an organization’s smooth and effective functioning. Good health and safety performance ensures an accident-free industrial environment†. As the working environment becoming riskier, all organization are more aware of the health hazards looming around them and hence implements an OSHMS to ensure safety and security of the employees. â€Å"OHSAS 18001 is designed to place a proactive and preventative emphasis on risk control factors by identifying and assessing the likelihood of hazards in the workplace. OHSAS 18001 can be implemented by organizations of all sizes and in any industry†(TUV). When an organization conforms to the stan dards and regulation of OHSM then the employees, clients and all people related to the firm are ensured safety. The OHSM initiated occupational health and safety policies, plan them effectively, implement it and also monitor and take corrective action. They make sure that the organization consistently follow their guidelines and make improvement in the work place environment. The OHSM also implement conditions on the site layout in case of construction companies in order to avoid fatalities and risk.

The Current State of Economy in The Division of Labor Essay

The Current State of Economy in The Division of Labor - Essay Example There are three circumstances involved in this belief: increase the dexterity of every worker, time-saving mechanism, and utilization of machines that increase efficiency. Hence, a worker must have enough skill to perform his job and familiarize himself in operating a machine to produce maximum output. Smith cited the case of a pin maker who would likely produce only one pin a day without the two factors mentioned. However, if the concept of division of labor is applied, laborers could specialize in one task alone, which can result in greater productivity. Smith himself has witnessed workers who were inadequately skilled at making pins yet because of the specialized tasks assigned to them, ten workers can produce 48,000 pins in a day. In the end, Smith popularized this principle, which shows that lack of skill nor machines is not really obstacles to productivity. Ever since this has changed the landscape of manufacturing industries as early as the Industrial Revolution. This work by Adam Smith did have a lot of practical value because capitalists made a profit by applying the principle in their businesses.

The Eureka Stockade Essay Example for Free

The Eureka Stockade Essay Conditions on the gold fields, unfair laws, racism, anti-British attitudes and the miner’s license, played a huge part in causing the Eureka Rebellion to take place. The miners’ eventually grew tired of the unfair laws and living conditions, so they built the Eureka Stockade and gathered firearms, in an attempt to fight for their rights and liberties. During the early morning of December 3rd 1854, the authorities launched an attack on the stockade. The miners’ fought back fervently, but their basic weapons and determination was no match for the military’s vast numbers and fierce weaponry. Even though the revolt itself was a military failure, the miners’ rebellion led to personal and political benefits for many Australians. The Eureka Stockade was a bloody but essential part of Australian history. It played a vital role in the development of democracy and personal identity within Australia. The rebellion was caused by a number of issues within the gold fields. The miners were suffering from a number of injustices. They had no political rights; they were not allowed to vote in elections nor were they entitled to a representative in the Legislative Council, and they were treated unjustly by the blatantly brutal and corrupt government officials. However, their main grievance was the excessive and overpriced gold mining license, which cost thirty shillings each month to renew. Most of the miners’ found it nearly impossible to pay the ridiculously priced mining fee and still meet the cost of living, on the scarce and barely sufficient amount of money they had. The miners’ were required to carry their licenses with them at all times, if they were found without their license they could be fined or imprisoned. The dreaded â€Å"License Hunts† were soon brought in. License Hunts gave police the liberty to check a miner’s license at random. Those found without a license were liable to severe fines and unjust imprisonment and punishment. Most of the police were unsatisfactory, as many of them were ex-convicts and guards; because of this many of the officers were inclined to violence and brutality during a License Hunt. The officers’ brutality and unjust behaviour further infuriated the miners and made the Ballarat Gold-Fields’ police subject to much hatred. Corrupt Officialdom was a heady problem on the gold fields. In one instance, a group of men beat a drunken Scottish digger to death, the group included local publican James Bentley. James was a friend of the local magistrate; because of this he and the other three men escaped persecution. The miners were appalled. A group of three miners went to Bentley’s hotel and burnt it to the ground in defiance. It was not too soon after that the men were charged with arson. On the 11th of November 1854, ten thousand miners met to demand the release of the three men, the right for all males to vote and the abolition of the miners license; this meeting led to the formation of the Ballarat Reform League. Several of the Reform League leaders had also been involved with the Chartist movement in England. On the 29th of November of that same year, twelve thousand people at Bakery Hill watched as the Southern Cross flag, otherwise known as the Eureka Flag, was unveiled for the first time. The flag became the symbol of their struggle; the miners burned their licenses and fired shots into the air under the flag in an act of triumph and defiance. The next day, under the governance of an Irishman, Peter Lalor, a smaller but determined group swore the oath under the Eureka flag. â€Å"We swear by the Southern Cross to stand truly by each other and fight to defend our rights and liberties† – The Miners Oath The small group of miners, marched to the Eureka Lead and forged wooden barricades, to form what is now famously known as the Eureka Stockade. The uthorities, despising the miners’ rebellion, called in reinforcements from Melbourne and prepared their attack. After two days of leaving the miners unharmed in their stockade, heavily armed soldiers and police attacked the stockade on Sunday the 3rd of December 1854. The miners were unprepared and caught off guard; they fought with determination and courage, but were outnumbered and outgunned. Although th e miners lost the battle, ultimately the war was won. Twenty-Two of the miners were left dead, and a further 125 miners were taken prisoner, many being severely wounded. The authorities only suffered from six casualties, being police officers and troopers. An estimation of 120 miners were arrested after the Stockade, many of them being innocent. However, thirteen of them were charged with High Treason, despite the evidence against them, not a single one of the miners were found guilty. Peter Lalor, the leader of the revolt, and a few other men from the rebellion, managed to escape the scene. Lalor’s left arm which was badly wounded from gunshot wounds was eventually amputated. When Hotham’s Royal Commission Report was finally handed down it assessed all aspects of the administration on the gold fields. The report made several major recommendations including the abolition of the miners license, cuts on the amount of police, the replacement of gold commissioners and the restriction on Chinese immigration. According to Blainey, It was perhaps the most generous concession offered by a governor to a major opponent in the history of Australia up to that time. The members of the commission were appointed before Eureka they were men who were likely to be sympathetic to the diggers. Peter Lalor and the other rebels, who had escaped from the Stockade, came out of hiding after a general amnesty was proclaimed on the 9th of May 1855. Lalor then wrote a statement to the Colonists of Victoria stating, There are two things connected with the late outbreak (The Eureka Stockade) which I deeply regret. The first is, that we shouldn’t have been forced to take up arms at all; and the second is, that when we were compelled to take the field in our own defence, we were unable (through want of arms, ammunition and a little organisation) to inflict on the real authors of the outbreak the punishment they so richly deserved. In 1855 Lalor had become the first Member of the Legislative Council, for the seat of Ballarat. The miners in Ballarat were given eight representatives in Parliament. During one of Lalor’s speeches in the Legislative Council in 1856 he said, I would ask these gentlemen what they mean by the term democracy. Do they mean Chartism or Republicanism? If so, I never was, I am not now, nor do I ever intend to be a democrat. But if a democrat means opposition to a tyrannical press, a tyrannical people, or a tyrannical government, then I have been, I am still, and will ever remain a democrat. Lalor was later elected to the New Legislative Assembly in1856, and then went on to be elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in 1880. The Eureka Stockade influenced Australia greatly. Even though the short term benefits of Eureka were only mildly beneficial, the long term results have drastically changed and shaped Australia. The Eureka Stockade was the foundation stone of democracy in Australia, with some even arguing that Australian democracy was born at Eureka. Eureka also saw the beginning of Australia becoming its own, independent nation, without having strong ties to the British. It gave many ordinary, working-class peoples the same rights as those who were born in to wealth and power.

Business Philosophy of Starbucks

Business Philosophy of Starbucks Starbucks is a coffee shop company. It is one of the most popular coffee shops in U.S. and other countries. Starbucks purchases and roasts high-quality whole bean coffees and sells them. Starbucks has more than 16,600 coffee shops in about 40 countries. The outlets offer coffee drinks and food items, as well as roasted beans, coffee accessories, and teas. Starbucks operates more than 8,800 of its shops, which are located in about 10 countries (mostly in the US), Starbuck aim is to be the best brand in all over the world. Starbuck have introduced a coffee named Frappucino for those who dont like to have coffee. Starbucks has become more than your regular coffee shop. people are coming in the shop for a morning lift before heading to the office or people are stopping by while enjoying a mid afternoon stroll throughout the city streets, Starbucks has enticed more than regular people looking for their daily dose of coffee. Frappuccinos which are created with real milk are a favourite amongst Starbucks customers. They come in a variety of flavours, of course, traditional Coffee, golden caramel, chocolate chip, sweet strawberries and cream, smooth vanilla, and chocolaty mocha. In the summer, when the heat become intolerable a Frappucino will cool you down and you can also order with crushed ice. Starbucks has successfully brought drinking coffee to a higher level. Starbuck also launched his starbucks card for customer who will receive free syrup and fee milk when they order espresso drink. Ethical Sourcing Starbuck coffees want to lead for their best coffee in the world. Starbucks always believe in serving best coffee to their customer if possible. Starbucks has always believed in buying, roasting, and serving the highest quality coffee in the world. By promoting responsible growing practices, star buck are able to serve a great cup of coffee while helping to improve the lives of farmers and protect the environment. We are also applying the knowledge we have gained through our work with coffee farmers to other areas of our supply chain. Environmental Stewardship Starbucks believe in the importance of caring for our planet working with and encouraging others to do the same. As a company that relies on an agricultural product, it makes good business sense. As a company that relies on an agricultural product, Starbucks is vulnerable to the effects of climate change. In order to maintain our high quality standards and help preserve the planet for future generations, were taking bold actions to reduce our environmental impact. At the store level, energy and water conservation and other green building strategies continue to be key priorities with potential to significantly minimize our environmental footprint. Toward 100% reusable or recyclable cups In March 2006, Starbucks introduced a new disposable cup containing 10% postconsumer recycled content. Starbucks are working to develop a recyclable paper cup that reduces its environmental impact over its entire life time the materials used to make it, the impact of the way its manufactured, and the way it is disposed of after use. In 2009 star bucks convened a first-ever summit with local governments, cup manufacturers, recyclers, and other stakeholders to jointly identify the steps required to make our cups recyclable in form and in practice. And we developed local market survey and implementation tools to accelerate front-of-store recycling in the future and we found that we had served 4.4 million more beverages in reusable cups in 2009 than in 2008. Toward 100% recycling in our stores Over the years, starbucks white cup has been integral part of the coffee house experience. At the same time, it has become a major concern among our customers due to recycling challenges. In order to respond to customers and minimize our carbon footprint, were aiming to ensure 100 percent of our cups are reusable or recyclable by 2015. Were currently working on a number of complementary initiatives to advance our progress in this area. We realize there is no quick fix for this problem; we still have much to learn. we are making the best what we can do to clean the environment and by recycling our cups. MARKETING STARBUCKS IS A GREAT COMPANY FOR MARKETING Starbucks competes in a highly substitutable market .Starbucks has done a lot in this area to promote brand loyalty by orienting its overall image and structure to be one of a socially responsible organization with the idea will that people will ultimately support organizations that give back and are aware of their impact. The company also strives to have the absolute best customer service realising that people not only buy coffee, but a social experience as well. One advantage that may set Starbucks apart is the having a solid online marketing program. It should hire qualified online marketing managers to oversee its websites function retain customers and curb product substitution. Marketing Mix When Starbucks marketing their products firms need to create a successful mix of: Product the right product Place sold at the right price Price in the right price Promotion using the most suitable promotion Starbucks marketing mix PRODUCT Starbucks is known for providing superior products and services. Consumers have enjoyed the experience they encounter at Starbucks, and now for those who seek a high quality non-coffee drink can enjoy the same experience. By introducing these new summer drinks, Starbucks will enjoy an entirely new segment to market its products to. When looking at the sales revenues for the summer drinks it is important to consider that some of the existing customers will inevitably cross over and begin consuming the new drinks. In the end, the expansion of the product line is a wise decision because of the ease of adoption to Starbucks reputation for quality as well as the low cost of implementation increase consumer awareness of the companys activities. PRICE Starbucks products are reasonably priced while offering quality coffee. Products are targeted towards general publics, thus their pricing are generally acceptable to attract more customers. Price and quality determines the value of the product. Starbucks was expensive and was positioned in accordance with that. They always tried to deliver the high value promised to the consumer. PLACE Starbucks is a place for people to come to, a place to not be alone, a place to be with other people, and a place where, without having to do anything people become a part of a community of sorts. From my first observation at Starbucks I noted that the character of the space is divided into two categories. First there is the quick and simple transaction, in and out with your coffee; and the second is the use of Starbucks as an office, meeting place. To some customers convenient is the key point. Hence, Starbucks takes into consideration for these consumers. PROMOTION Starbucks invested heavily in training their staffs and did innovative tactics to manage their human capital. Thus they differentiated themselves in the market by constantly providing higher quality services Starbucks Marketing SWOT Strengths Starbucks Corporation is a very profitable organization, earning in excess of $600 million in 2004.The company generated revenue of more than $5000 million in the same year. It is a global coffee brand built upon a reputation for fine products and services. It has almost 9000 cafes in almost 40 countries. Starbucks was one of the Fortune Top 100 Companies to Work For in 2005. The company is a respected employer that values its workforce. Weaknesses Starbucks has a reputation for new product development and creativity. However, they remain vulnerable to the possibility that their innovation may falter over time. The organization has a strong presence in the United States of America with more than three quarters of their cafes located in the home market. It is often argued that they need to look for a portfolio of countries, in order to spread business risk. Opportunities Starbucks are very good at taking advantage of opportunities New products and services that can be retailed in their cafes, such as Fair Trade products. The company has the opportunity to expand its global operations. New markets for coffee such as India and the Pacific Rim nations are beginning to emerge. Threats Who knows if the market for coffee will grow and stay in favor with customers, or whether another type of beverage or leisure activity will replace coffee in the future? Starbucks are exposed to rises in the cost of coffee and dairy products.

The British Heart Foundation Organisation Marketing Essay

The British Heart Foundation Organisation Marketing Essay The British Heart Foundation is a not-for-profit organisation. We are the UKs largest heart charity (the fifth largest charity in the UK), fighting heart and circulatory disease. Largest funder of research into heart disease in UK. Founded in 1961 Our head office is based in London and there are six regional offices. Employ 1807 staff. Heart and circulatory disease the UKs biggest killer 2.6 million people in UK living with heart disease. Income year ending March 2008 was nearly  £117 million Fund research, education/campaigns raising awareness, life-saving cardiac equipment and through BHF heart nurses, they help support patients suffering from heart disease. BHF has B2B customers, working in partnership with organisations such as Colgate, HSBC, Lloyds TSB, Weight Watchers and Scottish and Southern Energy. However, this study will focus on BHFs B2C customers. Number of SBUs trading, Events, VFR, Legacies, Prevention and Care therefore serving multiple customer segments. BHFs target audiences include Heart patients, at-risk groups, health professionals, and children and parents. As with most charities, those donating money, time and support to the BHF are typically 45 plus, ABC12s. 1.2 BHFs Philosophy The philosophy of an organisation refers to its business approach, it is the principles that underlie its whole operation; the philosophy is what guides the organisation. Organisations may operate under one of three philosophies; they may be product, sales or market oriented (Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005). A product oriented organisation focuses on their existing products, their goal being to produce them as efficiently as possible. There is little, if any, consideration of the needs and wants of their customers or the market. A sales-oriented organisation, although recognising their competition, still devotes little in the way of considering the needs and wants of their customers. The sales-persons role is key and their goals are typically short-term with success being measured in terms of sales (Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005). A market-oriented organisation holds the customer at the centre of all its activities. In contrast to the sales orientation, where marketing is likely to be restricted to a marketing department, the marketing-oriented philosophy is one that permeates the whole organisation; every department recognises the central importance of the customer. There is an emphasis on understanding their target audiences; identifying their needs and satisfying them. (Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005). Products and services are developed with the target audience in mind, in fact extensive research into the customer needs and market conditions is conducted to inform the development. Andreasen and Kotler (p38, 2007) Marketing orientation means marketing planning must begin with the target audience, not with the organization The BHF follows a market oriented philosophy, Target audiences are a central focus of the organisation; the organisation only exists as a result of their audience. The focus on their customers is demonstrated not only by their current strategy to make the organisation more relevant to target audiences, but also by their corporate objectives (see appendix 1), which are customer focused; based on fulfilling their needs and attaining a high standard service. The organisation is dedicated to instilling the market-approach organisation-wide, for example internal marketing workshops are frequently held, aimed at the non-marketing departments. Lancaster and Reynolds (2007) claim that to achieve their corporate objectives, the market oriented company must recognise that they do not exist in a vacuum; rather, the external environment is dynamic and constantly changing. Whilst it is essential to identify and anticipate the needs and wants of their target markets, and know how best to respond to these with the most efficient use of the resources available to them, it is important that this is done within the context of their ever-changing external environment and the opportunities and threats it poses. Therefore, for a market-oriented organisation such as the BHF, the role the marketing plan plays is a crucial one. It operationalises the organisations philosophy and ensures the organisation actually is market-oriented and provides a route the organisation can follow to ensure this. As mentioned in 1.1 the marketing plan requires a great deal of research scanning the environment and aiming to meet the customer needs and wants (Beamish and Ashford, 2008). The role of marketing information and research in conducting and analysing the marketing audit The Role of Marketing Information and Research In order for an organisation to operate a market orientation and remain customer-focused, information and research is essential. When undertaken properly it can provide a thorough understanding of target audiences and the micro and macro markets. The findings guide the direction of the marketing plan and with the right information and research subsequent decisions will be informed ones and it will be possible to make more realistic future predictions. Failing to gather data and research poses serious risks; without it an organisation is effectively operating in a vacuum, future decisions are uniformed and there is no customer focus. (Beamish and Ashford, 2008). Collecting Marketing Information There are two ways of collecting marketing information; secondary and primary. Secondary data is information collected for a purpose other than for the current research. External sources of secondary data include third party databases such as keynote and mintel, government statistics, national and trade press and the internet. In addition, there are also a number of internal sources of secondary data, for example a Customer Relations Management (CRM) database providing demographic (age, gender, address, occupation) and lifestyle data (where, what, when and how they buy, how much they spend, religion). Other internal sources include customer complaints, sales reports, personnel, information on their products and services, prices, retailers, internal training of staff, marketing budget/spend, communications spend and results of previous market research studies. Much of this data may be held on a central database The Marketing Information System (MkIS), this can provide substantial inf ormation, fulfilling some research needs, however to obtain bespoke, targeted information to fulfil all research needs primary data is necessary (Taghian and Shaw, 1998) Primary data is data bespoke to the research project. It allows for a more detailed analysis specific to the organization. External sources of primary data interviews, focus groups and surveys. Internal data can be gathered through interviews with staff. Conducting Research within BHF Secondary: OneCRM Third party databases Subscribes to specialist magazines such as ThirdSector, Marketing Week and PR Week Information on external environment. Primary: Recognises importance of bespoke research uses external agencies (FIND NAME RESEARCH NOTES!!). Important to note that there are only 2 other chest and heart charities in CAF top 500, third party data therefore often only relates to charity or health charity sector, not very specific. Use surveys and focus groups. 2.4 Conducting and Analysing the Marketing Audit Environmental scanning is necessary to conduct a detailed marketing audit; it requires both primary and secondary information on both the internal and external environment. To analyse the internal environment we need to consider: Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process and Physical Evidence (7Ps) and Staff, Style, Shared Values, Systems, Structure, Strategy and Skills (7Ss). This data is specific to the organisation and therefore internal sources such as sales reports, CRM databases, staff interviews, internal observations and staff intranet are used. To analyse the external environment we need to consider factors such as political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal (PESTEL) as well as suppliers, publics, intermediaries, customers and competitors (SPICC). This requires information sources such as third party reports, newspapers, trade magazines such as ThirdSector, focus groups, surveys and interviews of existing and potential volunteers/beneficiaries/supporters. Marketing audit and their key issues and their implications for the plan 3.1 The Marketing Audit The Internal Environment This refers to those factors the organisation has full control over. To identify the strengths and weaknesses of BHFs internal environment the 7Ps marketing mix and McKinseys 7Ss framework were used (appendix 2). These consider 14 elements such as product, price, place, promotion, strategy, structure staff and skills. In addition there are also models that can be used to help analyse certain elements, for example the BCG matrix (appendix 2) and value chain analysis. The Micro Environment To help identify the opportunities and threats that exist within BHFs micro environment the SPICC model was used (appendix 3), which considers 5 factors an organisation has partial control over; suppliers, publics, intermediaries, customers and competitors. To help analyse these factors the Product Life Cycle, Porters Five Forces model (appendix 3) and the Value Systems Analysis can be used. The Macro Environment An organisation has no control over influences within the external environment, however it is important to scan the environment in order to identify the opportunities and threats that may exist and to make informed decisions to prepare for them. When scanning BHFs external environment the PESTEL model was used (appendix 3), this categorises the forces into political, economical, social, technological, ecological and legal. Having analysed the internal and external environment a SWOT analysis can be conducted (figure 2), whereby the key strengths and weakness of the BHF and the opportunities and threats facing them are identified. Bringing together the strengths and weaknesses enables the identification of BHFs core strengths; their distinctive competencies (DCs), and from the opportunities and threats their critical success factors (CSFs) can be identified. CSFs Little direct competition. Many customers with a link to the cause. Media attention surrounding issues BHF tackle. Large prospect market. THREATS The credit crunch: decreased disposable income, corporate donations, legacies (accounts for 40% BHFs income). Direct Marketing not as effective as it used to be for charities (not seeing a return on investment). Hard to obtain the details of new people. More health and medicine charities than any other type, therefore a lot of competition especially as many tackle similar issues e.g. smoking, obesity. Many people find it embarrassing and give socially desirable answers when discussing issues such as obesity and exercise, i.e. issues the BHF deal with research unreliable. Governments Digital Britain Initiative could leave the BHF looking out-of-date. OPPORTUNITIES Many customers have a link with the cause potential to engage with our audiences more directly and build long-term relationships. There is a large prospect youth market opportunity to increase revenue and market share. Little direct competition, one of just 3 heart charities in top 500 opportunity to maximise differentiation. Companies are placing more importance on Corporate Social Responsibility provides more B2B opportunities. More media attention surrounding the issues BHF tackles such as food labelling and obesity raises profile. Governments Change4Life campaign has given BHF exposure. WEAKNESSES Lack of perceived relevance to the target audience hard for them to engage with BHF. Many generic products that arent customer friendly. Website is hard to navigate much information available, but buried under links. Low staff turnover lack of fresh ideas and perspectives in the organisation. Staff close to or highly driven by the cause find it hard to see general public perception. Regional offices developing their own structure, meaning BHF messages may appear inconsistent on a national level. STRENGTHS Strong and trusted brand. Market leader (number 1 heart charity in UK) Large integrated CRM large pool of customer data Highly motivated -dedicated and driven by cause. Recently launched large multi media campaign Connections increased awareness. Strong demand/need heart disease is the biggest UK killer. A number of large corporate sponsors give access to large audiences. Many professionals working for BHF high calibre and solid knowledge base. DCs A strong, trusted brand. Large CRM database. Strong demand. Large corporate sponsors. 3.2 Key issues faced by the BHF and their implications for the plan The SWOT analysis highlights the key issues now faced by the BHF, these are shown below: Key issues the BHF faces and their implications to the marketing plan. Key Issue Implications to the Marketing Plan Credit Crunch reduction in disposable income, therefore less donations slump in the housing market, therefore reduction in legacies reduction in corporate donations Income reduced therefore a tighter budget need to generate alternative, cost-efficient ways of raising funds go for low risk options such as building on existing relationships rather than investing a lot of resources trying to make new contacts. Increasing competition from other health charities. BHF needs to maximise their advantage of having little direct competition and emphasise their differentiation by highlighting unique aspects of the BHFs work rather than those that are similar to other charities and make it relevant to target audiences. Direct Marketing no longer an effective communication media for charities. Need to use alternative communication media that are equally accountable yet more effective possibly making more use of new media. Large prospect market. Targeting this market will require a great deal of resources, however in the short term; given the economic climate it is perhaps not the best time to try to enter this market. It is a great opportunity that should be should be considered in the long-term. Very high priority given to cost savings and operational efficiency, even more so due to the recession often results in generic products (Bruce, 2007). Need to optimise the use of the OneCRM database and increase product customisation. The Digital Britain Initiative is set to secure the UKs place at the forefront of innovationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and quality in the digital communications industries rapid development could leave the BHF behind. Plan needs to make better use of new media, possibly going out of the BHFs comfort zone. Having conducted the SWOT analysis and considered the key issues, the BHF is now in a better position to set their objectives and determine their strategy. Referring back to figure 2, the DCs are well supported by the CSFs; there is a good match. Therefore we can afford to set higher level marketing objectives (discussed in section 4.1). This creates a gap, identified through gap analysis, between the initial forecast (where we will be if we continue to do nothing) and the new objectives. Taking the SWOT analysis into consideration I believe this gap can be bridged through establishing a product development growth strategy, this is a moderate risk strategy, which the match of the DCs and CSFs supports. The BHF will also operate a differentiation competitive strategy (appendix 4); we need to emphasise our unique selling point amongst all the other health charities. Although, other product lines may also contribute in closing the planning gap, the remainder of this plan will focus on the BHFs new product. Task 02 Red for heart campaign London to Brighton Bike Ride New Product B2B Corporate Partnerships World Events Regional Events Sponsored School Events SBU Marketing Marketing Objectives for the BHFs New Product The BHFs New Product The BHF will launch a B2C membership service that will allow them to engage directly with a large audience and encourage the development of long term relationships. Members will receive information on how to improve their heart health. Upon registering the member will receive a welcome pack containing a heart risk tape measure, a guide to heart health, a 5-a-day food diary, a heart matters fact card and a membership card. They will also receive access to the heart matters helpline, receive email alerts tailored to their needs (healthy eating, getting active, quitting smoking and well being) and will have an online account with a homepage that is regularly updated according to their stated interests upon sign up. Their membership will also provide them with special commercial offers. This is a free service because it is a belief of the BHF that heart health information should be available to all. 4.2 Marketing objectives for the BHFs Heart Matters membership service There is a hierarchy of objectives with three levels; corporate, functional and operational. At the corporate level they start off more general and are long-term and get more specific the closer the planning activity gets to the tactical implementation stage (p23 Robert et al, 2005). Corporate objectives are often expressed in financial terms, for example referring to return on investment (ROI) and return on capital employed (ROCE) (Beamish and Ashford, 2008). However, for many not-for-profit organisations, including BHF, although still long-term, they can be much harder to measure. They are typically based on the needs of the beneficiaries, now and for the future. [They] set out the direction of the organisation; they are a statement of its prioritiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Everything the organisation does should be related back to a [corporate] goal (accessed on 10/04/09 10.30 at http://www.ncvo-vol.org.uk/index.asp?id=488) Functional objectives are more specific than corporate objectives, often medium term referring to percentage increase in sales or market share. These then feed down to the operational objectives that are short-term and much more specific based on the 7Ps marketing mix, for example to offer a 10% discount for 2 weeks. Therefore when setting the marketing objectives for Heart Matters, they should support the corporate objectives as well as reflecting the close match between the DCs and CSFs. With regards to Heart Matters, the BHF have three options. The first is to take the view that the BHF is doing a lot of work directly related to their corporate objectives, therefore Heart Matters should be all about raising funds to help finance this work. The second is that Heart Matters should primarily focus on the need of the beneficiaries, the third is a middle-of-the-road option, whereby the need is addressed to a certain extent, but the service must be self-financing. We believe Heart Matters should initially be about addressing the need of the beneficiaries as this would provide the best opportunity to reach and engage with a wider audience. Keeping in mind the objectives should be SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time bound) the marketing objectives for Heart Matters are as follows: Marketing objectives for Heart Matters Membership Service Objectives To recruit over 300,000 members, with less than 7% annual attrition by 2012. This helps support the BHFs objective to provide vital information to help people reduce their own heart health risk once recruited, members will have access to heart health information to help improve their heart health. Hitting this target would indicate increased engagement with supporters. For 20% of donors to make a donation by 2012. 30% of the general population donate to charity; however, this may be skewed (as heart conditions are more prevalent in low income areas). This supports all objectives, as funds raised are invested in helping achieve BHFs objectives. For example, to achieve objective 1 (appendix 1) the BHF will provide funding, equipment and facilities to achieve the best results. Therefore, funds raised will support this. For 40% of members recruited to have engaged with another BHF product/service by 2012 e.g. to have participated in an event, donated, made a purchase from the online shop or catalogue. This serves to increase public involvement in heart health, to help achieve objective 2 (appendix 1). Achieving this target would indicate an increased understanding of the work BHF does and an increased involvement of BHF supporters. 5. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning of Heart Matters. 5.1 Segmentation Customers are very diverse; therefore the same product and tactics will not appeal to all of them. We need to use segmentation; the process of dividing the market into specific groups of consumers/buyers who share common needs and who might require separate products and/or marketing mixes (Kotler, 1998 as cited in Ashford and Beamish, 2008). B2B and B2C markets each require different techniques to do this, as Heart Matters is a B2C product consumer segmentation will be used. Consumer markets can be segmented based on the following criteria: Geographic segmentation is based on variables such as region, population density and size of the area. Demographic segmentation uses variables such as age, gender, income, occupation, ethnicity and social class. Geo-demographic segmentation is a combination of the above, assumes that people either socialise according to class and occupation, or their lifestyles and geographic factors (Ashford and Beamish, 2008). ACORN (A Classification of Residential Neighbourhoods) is a system commonly used to segment the population according to geo-demographics. Psychographic segmentation groups according to lifestyle using variables such as social activities, interests, opinions and values. Behaviouristic segmentation refers to customer behaviour, segmenting based on variables such as benefits sought, purchasing rate and usage rate. Segmentation for the BHF differs depending upon whether the market to be segmented is donor or beneficiary. When segmenting the donor market, all of the above criteria are important, however when segmenting the beneficiary market, behaviourist segmentation will typically be given priority (Bruce, 2007). There will be 2 main phases to Heart Matters; the first will target beneficiaries. Upon recruitment of the target beneficiary groups the product will move into its second phase, to raise donations, therefore the target beneficiary groups will be further segmented and new target groups identified (for example this will determine those members receiving a  £5 donation ask and those receiving a  £15 one) . This report will focus on phase 1, therefore segmentation will be specific to the BHFs beneficiary market (for further information on phase 2, please refer to appendix 5. As previously mentioned, the BHF gives priority to behaviourist segmentation when segmenting their beneficiary markets. Potential segments Heart Matters could target include: Seeking help recovering from a heart condition Seeking help living with a heart condition Seeking information on caring for someone with a heat condition Desire to improve their lifestyle Desire to improve their diet Frequent user of BHF products/services Infrequent user of BHF product/services Use products and services from a variety of health charities Loyal to an alternative health charity Although behaviourist variables form the basis of segmentation, further segmentation is necessary as within these groups there are still huge differences from one customer to the next. Further, given limited resources it may not be possible to serve everyone within a particular needs group. The BHF also use the other criteria to identify additional segments: Geography: The BHF is a nation-wide organisation, however they segment according to Densely populated areas Large metropolitan areas Areas of low income Demographics: Parents educate about keeping their childrens hearts healthy 65+ higher risk of heart disease, inform on how to reduce risk 30-45 leading busy lives, but still have a chance to make a change 7-16 to educate about the importance of keeping their heart healthy Sedentary occupation High stress occupation Geo-demographic: Segment into different ACORN groups all of which are within the BHFs beneficiary market as heart health information should be made available to everyone. The market is segmented according to ACORN group as solutions and recommendations may differ depending on income and social class, for example EF14 category affordable healthy recipes, gym-free ways of keeping fit. Psychographics: Internet-savvy Dependents Families Older couples (no children or left home) Gym Members 5.2 Target audience for Heart Matters The marketing of Heart Matters will follow a differentiated strategy, that is Heart Matters will only be targeted at certain segments of the total market and the marketing mix (section 6) will be tailored towards these target segments of the market. Figure 4 below shows the target groups chosen for Heart Matters Membership. Recovering/living with heart conditionhigh risk Glasgow and London Age 50+ Behaviour Geographic Demographic Target groups for Heart Matters Target Group Reason for Choice Recovering/living with a heart condition and high risk groups. This is a large market; heart and circulatory disease is the UKs biggest killer, almost 2.6 million people are living with heart disease. It is a current strategy of the BHF to make the organisation more relevant to target audiences; this is a large audience where the need is currently greatest and it is important to ensure the BHF is made relevant to them. These are issues that are unique to the BHF, no other large charity tackles them targeting this group provides an opportunity to highlight the BHFs differentiation. Glasgow and London As this is a new product, and one which is free it will initially be launched into just 2 cities, this is to reduce the risk involved. Densely populated cities give a wider market reach. Glasgow has been chosen as there is a high concentration of heart disease, London has been chosen as people living here tend to have a faster pace of life, encouraging them to be unhealthy. Initial rates of membership registration of the two cities may give an indication of where to roll the membership out to. Age 50+ Heart disease is more common and risk is greater in older people. Further, a survey under-taken by one of our corporate sponsors Fitness-First revealed that of all age groups the over 50s showed the greatest percentage eating healthily, this indicates a large market that would be receptive to health-related information. In addition, this is the baby-boomer generation, a large percentage of which are wealthy home owners may provide significant fundraising opportunities in phase 2. 5.3 Positioning Heart Matters Having selected the target segments, it is important the service is then positioned with their needs and requirements in mind. Positioning is the act of designing an offer so that it occupies a distinct and valued place in the minds of target customers (Kotler et al, 1998). The target segments are likely to have concerns, it is therefore important the service is positioned as reassuring. However, we do not want to be patronising and compromise our brand, the service tackles serious issues so needs to be positioned as a provider of expert advice. Each customer treated as an individual, we wish the service to be viewed as providing customised, not generic information. Figure 4 below shows how we would like our target audiences to perceive our service. Customised Reassuring Expert, trusted advice Generic Inaccessible Amateur advice Depressing Accessible Perceptual Map for Heart Matters Marketing mix for the BHFs Heart Matters Membership Service Strategy Justification Product USP (Unique Selling Point) Core product: USP no other charity provides information and advice specific to living with and recovering from a heart condition. Supports our competitive differentiation strategy. Secondary and tertiary product: Carbon Copy many other charities provide free membership services offering newsletters, free calendars, membership cards etc (appendix 4) Price Intermediate strategy, in terms of the value the customer will place on the product. This supports our quality of information positioning and selective marketing strategy. Heart Matters core product has a USP; however we want it to be available to everyone within our target market, not just a specialist group, so therefore skimming is not applicable. Price penetration is also not applicable as this is a strategy typically used for lower quality, carbon copies therefore does not support our quality of information positioning strategy. In addition we do not want to target everyone within the beneficiary market; this is a new product, do not want to appear low quality and generic, the intermediary price strategy supports this. Place Dual distribution use both direct and indirect (via intermediaries) distribution to the customer. Selective Distribution Interdependence BHF retains full control. Dual distribution: the core product will only be distributed directly, this is essential to support the expert positioning and give the BHF full control over the service. Indirect distribution of the core product may confuse customers and fail to relate it to the BHF. Indirect distribution of Heart Matters registration and materials. This will give a greater access to the market and provide customers with the option to register in person or online. Selective distribution will give access to the right customers i.e. our target groups. This also supports our quality positioning strategy and intermediate price strategy, as we can choose intermediary locations that support our brand such as pharmacies. Intermediaries will be interdependent the BHF will retain full control. This is because the BHF has a strong brand and a g

Women in Vietnam Essay -- Vietnam War Essays

Women in Vietnam Towards the end to the Twentieth century, Vietnam, a rapidly changing country goes through a political and social transition, from a socialist to an open market "capitalist type" society. Since the late 1980's Vietnam has adjusted it's economy to compete with the world. In doing so, the country undergoes many political and social reforms. Ideals of the west have been implemented into Vietnams "market" economy. There is definitely a change that is occurring however the social status of women in Vietnam has not changed much. Moreover Vietnam's transformation into the global economy has created large social gaps, which in turn creates many social inequalities, in particular, women in the sex industry. The sex industry has always been a profitable industry. One can find this to be the case in many parts of the world. But what is it that makes the Vietnamese "Pleasure Industry" different? By using the works of Nguyen-Vo (Governing the Social: Prostitution and Liberal governance in Vietnam during Marketization) and Tran (Through the eye of the Needle: Vietnamese Textile and Garment Industries, Rejoining the Global Economy), I will discuss the problematic conditions of women in lower economic class of Vietnam. Prostitution is considered a "social evil" in Vietnam, but being deemed "evil" does not put an end to this endemic problem that has been around for thousands of years. Prostitution is an issue that few individuals have taken to fully understand and in this case, the issue is misunderstood and many voices go unheard. Classified as "whores", the women of the lower class in Vietnam don't have much to turn to. Vietnam's open economy has only created a bigger market for "pleasure". Gradually the identity of the young ladies in Vietnam become more and more of a commodity, well at least in the eyes of the foreigner. "Foreign guest' sought out a 'taste of nice and cool specialty dishes of Vietnam'. High quality goods, whores deluxe" and so on (Nguyen-vo, 92-93). Being identified as "high quality goods", they do what is expected from them and they survive. Due to the lack of education, these girls find themselves lost in the advancing city. Their hopes for success are crushed and with it lies the memories of disparity, the starvation of childhood, the beating of the drunken father, and many other troubles of poverty. ... ...r many of the women in Vietnam, the possibility of liberation lies with a different vision and a decentralized, "perpetual individual politics of everyday interaction" (John Doe, forgot his name). Without a widely shared vision, individual changes will not occur. Society will be at a halt. Not only must the world look at the many "authentic dishes" that Vietnam has to offer, but natives of Vietnam themselves must realize that the creation of these "dishes" were made through constant fabrications of struggle and poverty. Vietnam as a country must create "new dishes" to serve to the world. They must no rely on the dishes of poverty and of struggle, but instead they must cultivate a "dish" that truly reveals the hardworking ethics of what it means to be Vietnamese. In our society today we have problems that arise from corruption and other various factors. It saddens me to say that to escape prostitution is impossible, yet it is the responsibility of society to heal the wounds that have been left "bleeding" for quite a while now. Even American Journalist Barbara Walter states, "Prostitution is a world that is here to stay, like it or not it is time to make the best of it".

Reasons to Learn CPR Essay -- essays research papers

Have you ever thought about what you would do if a family member suddenly stopped breathing? Imagine that you grow up in a small town, the population is 700 people, and one morning you wake up and everyone in the town is dead. On any given day 670 people die of sudden cardiac arrest. Could it be a loved one, someone you care deeply for, or just a complete stranger? The chances are that someone in your family is going to die of sudden cardiac arrest in your lifetime. On average it takes an ambulance no less than seven minutes to reach someone in need, therefore, every adult should know how to administer CPR. Brain death starts to occur four to six minutes after someone is attacked with cardiac arrest, so you should immediately begin with assessing the victim?s airway. You should start out by shaking and shouting at the victim to check his or her level of responsiveness. If the patient does not respond, you should then call 9-1-1. After placing the call, bare the victim?s chest of all clothing and open his or her airway. To open to victim?s airway, you should use the head-ti...

Civilize The Wilderness :: essays research papers

Civilize the Wilderness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wilderness, why civilize it? This is an interesting question, and one that is hard to answer. Why not just leave the wilderness alone, and let it grow and decide it's own beginnings and ends? Does civilizing the wilderness make it better or worse? In what ways is it better or worse if we leave it alone or it we civilize it? These are all excellent questions and are all worthwhile to think about.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Western culture has tried to civilize the wilderness for quite sometime now, but is it really something we should be doing? In the point of view of many, the wilderness should be civilized to accommodate for the increasing number of people in the world. We should also civilize it because we need the extra room and because we cannot live in uncivilized areas of the wilderness, at least not with all of the comforts of home. What effects will civilizing the wilderness now have in the future? Many questions can arise when contemplating civilizing the wilderness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The wilderness is being civilized for one main reason. That reason is technology. Technology plays an important role in everyone's lives today. Without it, we would not have computers, fax machines, cellular phones, and all of the modern conveniences that we have today. The fact is, that many people believe that the wilderness is like an unborn country. A country that has nothing and is striving to become more advanced. We see this as an opportunity to better it and make it seem like we are actually helping. But, are we really helping? In my opinion, no. I feel that we are destroying something natural and something of beauty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In many ways we are making the wilderness worse by civilizing it. We put unnatural objects into the wilderness, and it destroys the wilderness' natural beauty. Thoreau's ideal is to pretty much leave the wilderness as it is. If you need to inhabit it, don't use anything that does not come from within it. For example, Thoreau built his cabin from the trees that were in the wilderness that surrounded it. In this way, civilizing the wilderness is okay. The way we are civilizing it, is not okay. Too just clear-cut an entire forest, then build a house, an in ground swimming pool, and put up a satellite dish, is not exactly ideal to keeping the wilderness natural.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To destroy the beauty of the wilderness by civilizing it in the way that

Igno †Management of Human Resources Essay

1.â€Å"Borderless world, Diversity Management, and Knowledge power, are some of the overarching factors being encountered by the Human Resource Mangers of 21st century business world†. How do they affect the dynamics of Human Resource Management in today’s organizations? Explain with examples from the organization you are familiar with or have been working for. Briefly describe the organization, you are referring to. 2.â€Å"Each employee in an organization performs various roles. Role perception of a manager and an employee make a complex web as they interact†.Elaborate this statement in the light of socialisation factors in organizational socialization process. Outline the importance of initial Job socialization on the employee and the organization. Explain with the help of your personal experience and organizational experience with respect to the above concepts.Explain the situation and describe the organization, you are referring to. 3. Consider Potential Appraisal, Assessment Centres, and Career and Succession Planning in an organizational context. Describe the dynamics of these concepts, their interactional outcomes, and impact on overall functioning and management of the organization. Put down your experience with respect to the dynamics of these factors in totality as seen by you in an organizational situation or the situations which you are familiar with. Briefly describe the situation and the organization, you are referring to. 4.How do you see the role, presence, necessity, and impact of ‘Mentoring and Performance Coaching’ in organizational situations in Indian context in general? Critically describe the experience the organizations have with respect to these concepts, their applicability, effectiveness and prospect. You may like to compare few organizations you have known or familiar with or even you can come out with your own experience in organizational context. Describe the context, and the organization you are referring to.

Advanced accounting Ch 1 solution Essay

1A air combination is a heart of teleph cardinal line entities in which two or more previously separate and free-living companies atomic number 18 brought under the inhibit of a angiotensin-converting enzyme management team. Three situations take a shit the control necessary for a crinkle combination, namely, when one or more corporations start out subsidiaries, when one company transfers its dough assets to another, and when each corporate trust company transfers its pass assets to a newly form corporation.2The dissolution of exclusively but one of the separate sanctioned entities is not necessary for a line combination. An example of one form of business combination in which the separate healthy entities atomic number 18 not dissolved is when one corporation becomes a subsidiary of another. In the case of a p arent-subsidiary relationship, each combining company continues to exist as a separate legal entity even though both companies are under the control of a si ngle management team.3A business combination occurs when two or more previously separate and independent companies are brought under the control of a single management team. Merger and consolidation in a generic sense are frequently used as synonyms for the barrier business combination. In a practiced sense, however, a merger is a typesetters case of business combination in which every(prenominal) but one of the combining entities are dissolved and a consolidation is a type of business combination in which a new corporation is formed to take over the assets of two or more previously separate companies and all of the combining companies are dissolved.4Goodwill arises in a business combination accounted for under the learning method when the cost of the investment (fair judge of the consideration transferred) exceeds the fair jimmy of recognisable net assets acquired. Under GAAP, goodwill is not amortized for financial reporting purposes and will lose no effect on net income, unless(prenominal) the goodwill is deemed to be impaired. If goodwill is impaired, a loss will be recognized.5A quite a little purchase occurs when the acquisition price is less than the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. The acquirer records the learn from a sight purchase as an ordinary gain during the period of the acquisition. The gain equals the difference between the investment cost and the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired.

Guide To Air Compressors Engineering Essay

pipeline shrinkors argon among the nearly wide rack upice equipment in the in dotry. They amaze humans- assist fel offsetship in electronic, automotive, construction and cunning industries among others. However, the considerable scene of functional compressor slips and pecuniary set hit their apportion on an gameyly laboured determination. To debar blowing your trimming and notes on the absurd line of merchandise compressor and practice unnecessary yourself of hereafter compressor problems, foregather the pursual in the beginning check your argument compressor.Buying ConsiderationsTypes of zephyr Compressors terce school principal types of breeze compressors atomic number 18 unremarkably employ in industries. forget me drug tush var. Compressors They aff personal line of credit retroflex prison guards to thickset mien and buy at it in hard-hitting outfit contend vehicles. round compressors address to a greater extent than recipr ocating compressors. They foundation drop dead full-time, afford a function verse of one C per centum and be nigh- desirable to applications necessitating continuous fashion. whirligig compressors digest picture 1 vitamin D CFM of denudate take to the woods in a single(a)istic variant and all in allwhere 2500 CFM in cardinal or to a greater extent mannequins.Reciprocating or Piston-driven commit Compressors They use Pistons to adjure p arntage and dis stopping point it in high personnel department per whole surface argona arrayed fighting vehicles. Reciprocating compressors argon the most economical. They ar intentional for circle lop usage and super suited for intermittent applications including man-portable applications and rate workshops. slender channelize compressors green full(a)s 5 HP or little dapple big compressors yield degree centigrade0s of HP. Reciprocating compressors clear up up to 50 CFM with a individual phase and up to nose keisteristerdy CFM with dickens or to a greater extent than phases. iodine HP norm ally produces 4-5 CFM of shine devolve. centrifugal railway line Compressors They ar turbine engines, employ in spring workss and high-end industrial applications, and compress breed by dint of revolving blades. They atomic number 18 the beliest of all transmit compressor types. centrifugal compressors point at 400-8000 HP and begin forrad crease decreases high(prenominal) than kibibyte CFM. agree-On Utilities and Oil-Free CompressorsDry, feeble and blanched transfer allows you to b devote the continuance of military serviceer of your deception equipment.Desic outhousets They occupy unshakable from so utilise walk oer for water- clarified equipment.Coolers They disappoint savour slight line of reasoning temperature.Filters They finish drosss such(prenominal) as crude and dust from crocked breed.Oil-free compressors They contribute rock oil-free or o il-less station for oil sensitive equipment such as nutritious applications and semiconductive materials and go for coalition Chamberss slopped off from the oil-lubricated car split. They ar lots more bellly than continuous rophy converter and reciprocating compressors.Compressor quadrangle line of products compressors let a big money of erupt and disruption. If possible, appoint a secern compressor manner to incorporate the go and venthole the oestrus. Alternatively, if you do non stimulate adequate infinite, an verge toilet be used to diminished downwards heat and noise from the compressor. Reciprocating compressors atomic number 18 louder than roach compressors. actor Requirements Compressors goat be roleed by electricity or with a natural gas or diesel engine engine. naught demands set off from 100V to 500V and supra, depending on compressor size.Mobility return awake attention to grips, wheels and compressor weighting when express ion for a planetary compressor. Engine-driven compressors usually source with their own(prenominal) wandering(a) dawdlers. When ill-judged on beautify infinite, favour for vertically lie compressors to excuse infinite. squelch and picnic catamenia guardedly date the carriage host per whole of mea positive(predicate)ment rural compass and denude ply demands for every physical composition of your equipment and get h centenarian a compressor that butt flush all your equipment. aureole military group per building block playing theatre and combine dealive teaching is usually procurable at heart equipment certification. If you female genital organ & ampere acirc t extend this study in the certification, reach the producer for an educate conjecture. Add up the way ply determine and cipher the do by 1.5. distinguish the highest personal line of credit king per whole field of view and summation it somewhat. be sustain received your ele ct compressor & A acirc s dividing line pay heed and consequence per social building block atomic number 18a evaluations fight back these set. hereafter refinement Reciprocating nisus compressors drive an mean(a) breeding of 10-15 onetime(a) ages plot of land circular compressors fill a life of 20-30 old ages. impinge on the argument flow and forte per unit atomic number 18a demands of equipment you heed to get in the close hereafter forwards choosing the oxygenise compressor type and size. sham authentic your selected mien compressor open fire rush a considerable into two your straight off and future demands for supreme benefit. ventilate Compressor determine crinkle compressors be obtainable in a panoptic backcloth of monetary determine from $ 500 for a less than 1 HP power compressor to oer $ 50000 for 200HP or more compressors. 5 HP reciprocating compressors damage $ 1500-2000 and 5 HP rotary compressors monetary value $ 2500-4000. At 10-25 HP, compressor financial set hunt from $ 4000- $ ten thousand or more. 50 HP compressors cost between $ 12,000 and $ 15,000 and 100 HP compressor pecuniary barrooms flow from $ 20,000- $ 30,000. Oil-free compressors be be around terzetto the fiscal value of reparation strip compressors. private compressor parts and restore run are also visible(prenominal). If upfront defrayal is a job, you can communicate your dealer for funding, leases or periodical leases. unused compressors come with at least(prenominal) a 1-2 year procure and attend contract. utilise compressors are as well as procurable in the securities industry. Two-stage hypothetic accounts, that recompress mat straining for higher compaction, are available in both(prenominal) rotary and reciprocating compressors and are costlier than one-stage expression compressors. susceptibility be These cost birth up everywhere 70-90 per centum of the full possession cost of an look com pressor, over a 5-10 year period. So make certain(a) you select in storm(p) circulate compressors over uneconomical low cost 1s for long check fiscal benefits. soonerhand leverage an stock compressor, postulate your dealer for its two-dimensional publicize and brag set up ( CAGI ) data sail to measure its postcode efficiency readings. producer and good dealr Considerations select a nobleman attached to land forthing occupation compressors as mainstream equipment. take to task to some(prenominal) publicise travel compressor dealers and acquire information on nonuple trade names, before choosing a bargainer. set up up well-nigh principal think and duration of help in the concern, foretell of mental faculty members available for compressor improvement and service rates. exhaust mentions from traders and investigate them more or less trader public presentation. You can everyways inquire your patience contacts about their standard atmospher e compressor traders to help you in trader choice. Traders with favorable market reputes and 15-20 class pay back are good internal with compressor jobs, and can cover soften and fast-paced swear and service. fasten sure you pick an good air compressor with fitting air flow and air force per unit orbital cavity from a reputed and go through trader to acquire maximal benefits from your air compressor. ambiance compressors are your long friends, so take your newspaper clipping and avoid any precipitancy in doing your purchase determination.