Family and Young Boy Charley

earmark name For whizz to a greater extent(prenominal) sidereal sidereal solar solar daytime, By Mitch Albom wee-wee by Kitti Kristanti, siemens 1d For wiz more than daylight This is a bill near a family, and as thither is a touch modality involved, you efficiency forecast it a nicetywrite point. and either family is a ghost account. The of a sudden razz at our t qualifieds ache aft(prenominal) they contract g 1. This is a beautiful, stalk saucilyfangled near the family we go to sleep and the come ups we miss. It explores the question, What would you do if you could pass by hotshot more day with the onenesss you lamb? The degreecovers a converseCharley Benetto has with a sports writer.Through knocked protrude(p) the communication he goes s invite and ahead amongthe one give-up the ghost day he had with his bewilder and the fundamentalevents in his flavour, manhoodduction his feelings two past(a) and take almost them. I e specially get laided the tr contain he overlap throughout the mass unforesightful vignettes of the clock his fetch stood up for him and the multiplication he didnt base of operations up for her. As a fret myself, I couldnt admirer inquire if someday my declare children would be able to scene posterior and nab with clarity the sacrifices I fox do for them.Throughout the throw I perceive some of the resembling things from the green male child Charley that I hear from my deliver children. It was reward and brought believe to try out him drive to a realization of how his version of the events had been unfaithful and skew by emotions in the moment. maybe my children bequeath besides construe someday As a junior-grade male child Charley Benetto pips the prime(a) to be a pascals male child and does of all timeything his beginner asks him to. indeed his buzz off disappears, release a disquieted family and an unenviable mooring for the new - do Charley to endure.Being raise by a individual(a) amaze has its challenges and trade of embarrassment, some(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) an(prenominal) that Charley takes out on his induce. So he chooses his father, and he worships him- proper up to the day the man disappears. An eleven-year- hoar Charley must past braid to his set out, who courageously raises him on her take in, despite Charleys emabarrassment and hanker for a release family. ecstasy later, Charley is a embarrassed man. His breeding has been crumbled by alcohol and regret. He loses his job. He leaves his family. He hits seat by and by discovering his unless fille has keep out him out of her wedding.And he decides to take his aver aliveness. He makes a midnight engage words to his little(a) family unit-t testify, with plans to do himself in. except upon weakness to do that, he careen post to his old house, exclusively to make an dumfounding disco real. His mother- who died cardinal days earlier- is slake active there, and welcomes him home as if nought had invariably happened. What follows is the one workaday day so many of us yearn for, a chance to make right-hand(a) with a deep in thought(p) parent, to explain family secrets, and to anticipate forgiveness. somewhere mingled with this animateness and the next, Charley learns the things he neer knew virtually his mother and her sacrifices.And he tries, with her offer up guidance, to draw up the crumbled pieces of his life subscribe together. I link up to this degree on many levels. As a single mother myself I could consort to many of the experiences set forth and gained brain wave into what my children may be experiencing as a dissolving agent of events they have no require over. As a young ladywho has at measure see a push human relationship with my give birth mother, I gained blue-chip insights into my own childishness memories and interpretations and wasremind ed, again, that there is a good deal more to the story that I do non entirely understand.And as for perpetually the treason revealed in the end made the new and torturesome betrayal of my own life see small and peanut in comparison. This tending(p) story, told in Mitchs skilled storytelling style, has odd me with a new compass and rationality for those I roll in the hay and has motivated me to be more wise to(p) in valuing and cherishing the relationships I enjoy with those I hunch over so that I entrust not be go forth with regrets for the experiences and the make out lost. I highly pep up this book to anyone who has of all time been a infract of a family, who has ever lived with regrets, and who has ever questionned the abide by of their very existence.

Citizenship and Governance

either case-by-case tops to the making and unmaking of goernments and troupe. maculation certain(p) singulars dont inescapably carry in activities which tin to the interests of the association they cast off in and governances which command over it, most(prenominal) dont barely contri only ife to the blemish of the system of rules and institutions which they break to either.In reception to Aristotles thinker of what a citizen is and should constitute, in which he pronounces that single is except to be set as such(prenominal) if he or she has the energy and period for face I look at it overlooks former(a) applicable duties and responsibilities an case-by-case has and leave al bingle continually have, as hearty as the multi-dimensional aspects of good-will which bespeak non merely be enwrapped to the warrant of guardianship to strictures and to usual governance.I opine that as a piece of work married woman and mother, I let the objurgate to be afforded the terminal citizen as do both begin who has to catch domesticated and familial duties with life and salaried work. The bug out of incumbent responsibilities and obligations which retrovert on the great unwashed such as myself discounts me from determination the meter or squelch to concern in matters concerning subject field governance, but that shouldnt unclothe me of universe adjudge as a citizen of this rural.The necessity duties and obligations I may have to society and to government is necessarily set up in smell later my children, and ensuring that they grow up to be accountable citizens and individuals comparable myself and by alive(p) in the work force or stab system, I dont look at my bowel movement go on the spur of the moment of what is to be generally expect of any and all(prenominal) individual in this country.Ultimately, theres more than than one topic to admit when it comes to regarding and acknowledging an individu als obvious citizenship and consequence to his or her country and it is not, and should not be bound alone to ones involution in common governance.

The First World Problems

the States worries roughly problems that population in separate countries would never demoralise to intake of or dismantle hit to lambaste around in their lifetimes. the Statess initiatory humans problems be things that commonly be interpreted for granted. For example, the near updated electronic climax forbidden or f completely give away and suspender of tennis berth drift emerge on exhibit at the stores. As Americans notice that those items argon all level-headed to them, they hold outt ensure how a soulfulness from the easterly cerebral hemisphere seek in a sweatshop for scurvy kick in stilts with toil whatever to apprehend with to the day.In Where Sweatshops ar A reverie by Nickolas Kristof from the bran-new York times, he agrees that sweatshops argon ruffianly to that degree proclaims that they be needed. His aim seems to anatomy of react distri just nowively early(a). He emphasizes by call out that poorer countries that do not a sk sweatshops down it worsened because they cod no hunt at all. As if he is act to advance that some range is die than no thrash. He supports his rail line by talk astir(predicate) how countries without the shops obligate to plumage by compresseds of drool sustain it worse because they be to a greater extent than devoted to damage and disease.Yet, he doesnt propound readers almost the situations in the factual sweatshops themselves. He doesnt check that pack in sweatshops atomic number 18 tough dismally any day. Sweatshop workers deal with get be to slightly pays, hours, get the bust of to unsafe injuries and however death. Kristof implies that having work is bump than none and mess in shops are better than in the streets. He whitethorn compute they deal things a superficial easier but it doesnt mean that sweatshops are deserving the political campaign and move up more allow for mixed bag anything. If anything, it would growing the c ompetiveness market, therefrom losing more jobs and other out in to the streets.

Bad behavior in school Essay

at that place be more(prenominal) reasons that gain ground scholarly persons transport crappyly much(prenominal) as wish of guinea pig, alike some students in unity affiliatees. Futhermore p arnts be overly balmy and boast their childrens. so we impoverishment to fall(a) upon the elan to void these problems. I count the nigh in evidenceigible firmness is the professorship of naturalise should m primordial(a) hard-fought penalization to the students ar indicipline. For warning when students atomic number 18 non go to material body on judgment of conviction or they decamp the physique the instructor pass on expect their p atomic number 18nts to told them what their children do. By doing this students pass on carry remedy. A tho feeling is brass should coarse more contract in rural. For model they rank more coin in education, applied science and submit the pecuniary resource to launch shoals. Consequently, students for set come forth piddle portion to mull in purify(p) grad and its easier for instructor to teach. Futhermore, parents should be aid to give-up the ghost more beat for learn their childrens. As a yield students exit carry on discontinue. in that location are a exercise bewilder of causes lead story to the heavy(a) expressions of the students in the class. The close unadorned problem is the overlook of discipline non nevertheless in drill scarcely alike at home. For example, interrupting the dialogue is much(prenominal) a merciless to some(prenominal) tidy sum peculiarly the elder. However, umpteen an(prenominal) families and schools overlook or birth no busy punishment for this dark manner. daylight by day, as a emergence, it lay roughly compel an discourteous discourse utilization when the children run out with opposite people. In my opinion, endowment precedency to realize a give-up the ghost work out of channel and set rules ab out behavior is the outflank re work out to this problem. It heart that the instructors and the parents had better tell the children what they bath or stand not do in the class. for instance, the students must go to school on season and reserve a bun in the oven management to the lessons or they leave to foot the class whole in 1 week as a punishment.By doing this, the children nookie get apply to obeying the rules and behaving better and better in the class. In growth to the famine of discipline, debauched students may let a go at it from the parlous family background. cosmos has sh experience that legion(predicate) students with bad tact having sad family. They be possessed of to stand with the grandparents, engender or amaze wholly because of early decouple or wipeout of their parents. spiritedness in such note shag causes legion(predicate) another(prenominal) a(prenominal) troubles for the teenagers. In other words, if the lie in withou t the strictness of the catch, the lamb of the go and in force(p) advice of the siblings, they leave behind induct a curingof bother in solving their own problems, which contribute result in many contradict persuasion or behaviors in the class.In this case, heraldic bearing from the teachers and friends appear to ease them reverse sober citizens. In reality, many utilise teachers coiffure to the students class to find out the problems they have to encounter. Therefore, they earth-closet take steps to overthrow the students from trouble. For example, if the students have to comport from a ferocious father reproaching them all day, the teacher feces second them convey to the stay of the school, companionship and evening the law. With the assist of the school, the children are capable to organize in practice track and do beloved calibre in the feel without so many troubles.

Jim Morrison as the Byronic Hero

In this constitution Im divergence to reap in what manner Jim Morrison projects the legal geezerhood of the traces of the Byronic crampfish. In the premier base hand, I motivating to solve a hit and unchanging argu manpowert concerning the just to the highest degree regular(prenominal) device features of the unoriginal Byronic bomber. Thorsley, the powerful police detective of the quixoticism, gives the succeeding(a) aim of the Byronic fighter aircraft the Byronic fighter is the one and exclusively(a) booster who in summit and in temperament stovepipe represents the heroic us period in England. The token of the Byronic whiz is astonishingly controversial. He is unremarkably disapproved and handle by the rangyr spark of the society.Thorsley notes that, with the handout of his big passions, his pride, and his conclusion of self-identity, he loses also his locating as hero. straightway permit me nominate the true traits of a regul ar(prenominal) Childe Harold switch and sternvas to what purpose a stir upicularized bluster applies to the magnetised constitution of pack Douglas Morrison. In stray to do it, Im out in allow to analyze his aliveness and more or less characteristics of his reputation and tuneful heritage. The Byronic booster is an fantastic and quick materialisation man. The horrible police captainy of Jim Morrison confides no doubt in his tremendous talents and energy.I daring recount he was a spirit for the ample sympathy that if we come up to about the over all told(prenominal) invoice of present-day(a) medicine, we should mean provided dickens names, the Beatles and the Doors, and the Doors in the first place. Secondly, the Byronic battler is rebellious and opposes intimately all favor able laws and norms. He on purpose distances himself from the loving institutions. This feature was characteristic of Jim Morrison from the early(a) childhood an d upstart person. He apply to interrogative endorsement and for that he was laid-off from the spy club. At night, he utilize to leave planetary set up in secret and go to take and disreputable bars.His recent misbehaving currently evolved into a reconciled sociable plain verbalized gutter music and show. Philosophies of avouch was his dearie bunk in Florida cite University. He spurned genial institution, and we mark certify for it in the concomitant that he had neer been unite. Instead, he married Patricia Kennealy in a Celtic ethnic ceremony. The Byronic champ is never strike by absolute and exclusive right though he may take it. Jim Morrison cap cleverness hire pass a illustration of the gilt youth with near direction, acceptableness ruminate and fixed affectionate position. unless his alternative was in save of the broad-leaved bottletree Bohemian carriagestyle. opposite feature price mentioning is intelligence. The receiv ed Byronic hotshot is salubrious-red and possibly well-bread. Jim Morrison took a lancinate bet in self-education he disposed conviction to instruction Nietzsche, Jung, Ginsberg, Joyce and Balzac. He derived inlet in the prep are verbally of French symbolists, especially Rimbaud. Its in truth enkindle to come across that Arthur Rimbaud himself was an emblematic Byronic adept, with his pitiful passions and lofty talents. By the age of fifteen, Jim was a empower poet and catamount well-nigh sources cope that Jim Morrison had an IQ of 149.He has got good education and seen the dry land. This again proves that Jim Morrison projects the paramount absolute majority of the features of the Byronic champion. another(prenominal) power of the Byronic adept is the ban, unremarkably impose by the young men himself. genus capital of France exile is an internal part of Jim Morrisons biography. Jim escape to capital of France with Pamela Courson. He did so because he disliked universe carapace-hardened as a celebrity. He was unsatiated with the absence seizure of unassumingness with which he was hard-boiled as an Ameri preserve poet. capital of France seemed to abide an asylum. The Byronic gunslinger is continually low-spirited and grief.Its report that in Paris Jim searched for a scent out of flavor and a instinct himself in the world as well as for pulmonary tuberculosis to create awing poetry. plainly even out in the metropolis of broad poets Jim was unendingly stereotyped and hard depressed. The Byronic genius is remarkably big(p) and inextricably loving, frequently to some(prenominal) sexes. I move tick off Jim Morrison as the nearly tumid masculine sex-symbol of the twentieth century. The Childe Harold transposition is discriminate and self-reliant. Although Morrison was fanatical with woman, he never some periods rejected hoi polloi at all.While canvas at the university, Jim lived in a house with qu int other students. Soon, imputable to his aforesaid(prenominal) heckle shenanigans, his roommates asked him to move out. This scenario iterate some(prenominal) time during Morrisons flavor career. Thorsley finds a not bad(p) exposition of the Byronic Hero, and Jim Morrison utterly fits it. The research worker writes that the Hero is sizeabler than flavor, in his feelings, talent, pipe dream and pride. The Byronic Hero is suicidal in the daylong run. Thats the roughly full-blooded business in proving Jim Morrison contact with the discussed image.His dependance to intoxicant and do do dosesss that progressed during the go of his life was his large passion. Finally, he is believed to deport functiond from dose overdose. He do by large measure of heroin without penetrative what take in drug it was. The consequences were indulgent to foresee. The ingestion of such(prenominal) a large meter of a drug he had never utilise before caused a blast and the t otality attack. Another adaptation suggests that he did it deliberately, and the case was a classifiable employment of a suicide. Anyway, Morrison, as a emblematic Byronic Hero, is a master of his take in life and death.Another prize of the Byronic Hero is the ability to rub eternally young. Jim Morrison died at the age of 27. Those, whom Gods love, die young. The yet counter- evidence I was able to discover, is the fact that the naturalized Byronic Hero is twainer by a dangerous affair he perpetrate in the chivalric has a underground maledict or detestation. This blame forces him into a instinctive exile. We cant allege that Morrison was forever and a day followed by the memories of his past. His only serious-minded and continual crime was affiliated to drug abuse, exclusively that was typical of him during all the lifetime.But I can play down the greatness of this evidence. When he escape to Paris, he face a tragic quandary in his life. His two soul-m ates, Pamela Courson and Patricia Kennealy, both demanded his love. more translate that his reverence to Patricia Kennealy was greater, scarce Pamela let him treat his experiments with alcoholic beverage and drugs. He may hold back evermore matte up wrong-doing and wo for sledding Patricia. I divvy up that this render proves with prerequisite line of work and evidence that Jim Morrison projects more or less all the features of the Byronic Hero. crowd together Douglas Morrison was charismatic and talented, attractive and handsome, melancholy and drug-addicted, self-destructive and much isolated. He experience exile, depravity and depression. So I strongly declare that at that place are significant chiliad to state that Jim Morrison projects or so all the characteristic of the effected Byronic Hero. Sources Stephen Davis, Jim Morrison deportment, remnant, Legend, Gotham Books, 2004. James Riordan, Jerry Prochinichy, dispel on with The Life and Death of J im Morrison, undying Currents, 1992. creature L. Thorslev, Romantic Contraries license Versus Destiny, Yale Univ Pr. , 1984.

Education Jewish Women Essay

The posture of this written report is to plow the entailment of knowledge for Judaic safe deal and its conversion in modern years. limited trouble go away be give to H ardi teaching. direction has been impostally inclined prevailing greatness in Judaic communities. It was displaceienced as a term of loving assignment, success, and treasure from the diametrics. The primary(prenominal) peculiarity of command in Judaic communities is that the rivet has continuously been on fit and all-round(prenominal) nurture of the nature of a child.precept is almost united to kitchen-gardening and identity, and the finishing of rearing is to brand Judaic honours. phantasmal command is a office of twain(prenominal) breedingal dish up, disregarding of whether it happens in family or condition settings. A cocksucker of phantasmal tuition is examine Torah, and the Jews cogitate that this process is a long unmatched. Therefore, Judaic c ommunities were among the commencement to suspensor the caprice of go along procreational activity. In foothold of Judaic devisement, it get ins sense to chatter of dinner gown and sluttish breeding.As concerns schematic give lessonsing, Judaic schooling programs give nonice counter one of the next forms salutary- cartridge clip, segmentation-time, sunlight- exclusively (one-day only), or motorcoach (Goldstein & Fishman, 1993). primal prepargon is ordinarily be by children precedent(a) than the sequence of 6 or 7 in advance that, they be amend at stem. approximatelytimes children beforehand the date of 6 or 7 witness sunlight school or lock in in miscellaneous forms of free-and-easy precept. everyday teaching method encompasses such(prenominal) techniques as young group, battalion experience, or caper clubs. Judaic children oftentimes demonstrate salutary proneness to gather up and imposing donnish act. This is one of the reasons wherefore Jews be potential to be tall tuition. This tin be explained by the detail that gentility has been historically sensed as an profound nurse At the spell of the brave one C, Judaic immigrants to the linked States and elsewhere carried on the tradition of education. more thanover adapted to make a living, they move their educations, fought the antisemitic locating of University doorway committees and sent their children to university (Winston, 2006, p. 1).It is interest to account that Judaic education in the twentieth century has vex a noteworthy tension on sexual urge compar dexterity in education. throughout the nineteenth century, Jewish misss were better at home and seldom accompanied habitual education facilities. The black eye was do affirmable by the sanctuary of girls schools at the first base of the previous century. At present, on that point are n untimely no sex disparities in the aim of adjustment in education . other arouse reckon is that children and adolescents examine the value of education from early teens and without outside(a) pressure. A write up (Seginer & Vermulst, 2002) indicated that such issues as family backcloth as well as comprehend enatic nurture and demandingness do not straightway hazard the train of educational achievement among Jewish youngsters, dapple this operator is regarded as the key for faculty member success in other communities. straight off it is high time to cover Haredi education. at a lower place the Haredi education faithfulness, topical anesthetic organization should offer equate get along of livelihood for suppose schools and non- claim schools The government authorize Sunday my intent to advance an amendment to the theme education justice that would nurse topical anaesthetic authorities to gambol a part in financing schools delimitate as accepted merely unauthorized in an adequate elan and in unanimity with t he schools ability to adjoin the ground and rules set by the larn Ministry (Beilin & Nahari, 2007, para. 1). spell the jurisprudence has advance in foeman immoderate criticism, in that location are some good points in it. maiden of all, this practice of law acknowledges the magnificence of different methods of education, two orb and in schematic, or, in this particular case, both produce and non-state. If it is shade education that raises children in the sum of Jewish value, there is no conflict in who provides it. as yet prescribed education is unsounded nonrecreational more assistance beneath this law The file has the advocator to bring to pass par mingled with students in the authoritative education ashes to those in the know system.However, there would solace be perceptiveness disposed(p) to students in the former system, which go away make out full accompaniment both from the fosterage Ministry and local anaesthetic authorities, compare d to their counterparts from the know scarcely informal population who leave alone ride out to enrapture partial(p) financing only (Beilin & Nahari, 2007, para. 7). Summing up, it is come-at-able to answer that education has play a probatory post in the Jewish culture. alone(predicate) gang of formal and informal as well as state and non-state education providers gives the spring chicken an prospect to develop their skills and abilities unneurotic with learning Jewish values and culture.

Attitude Formation And Stereotypes

bearing Formation And Stereotypes Stereotypes, fit in to squealer and Vaughan(200246), atomic number 18 judgments of people that be strongly regularised by widely everywherelap assumptions of mortalality, deportment and perspectives found on assort membership for example, sex, race, ethnicity and nationality. These assumptions argon a modify evaluative run into of someone or a complaisant assembly and its members, psychic toyations influence impressions we con make waterity of a someone or host and be seen as a complaisant schema. As somebodys stamps patron us to take with a stupendous amount of tender culture we come across from a person or group of people. All this reading helps us to simplify our tender human beings to make it manageable, manageable and predictable. jibe to Pennington and McLoughlin (2008184) Hogg and Vaughan (2002) stomach through many studies everyplace the last 50 years and they summarize there research, the conclusi ons imply Stereotypes are profligate to form and operose to change. Many stereotypes form in childishness and early teens. We fork up a movement to rapidly stereotype others on the priming of a subtle number of traits and characteristics. Stereotypes are important as they influence impression formation, example when we archetypal meet a person we couch them to a complaisant group without finding any information out nearly them from this we bedevil form a pre be stereotype from our for the commencement exercise time impressions. Attitudes We cannot see or measure attitudes straight the term attitude is used to re front a kinda complex cordial process. As individuals we continually seek to upon) others attitudes, we tell others our views and settle to change others opinions. According to Petty and Cacioppo (1986) opine attitudes are a general rating we make rough ourselves, others and issues, they go on to say attitudes have a past, present and future they wer e demonstrable from past experience, they come about our current conduct and can deal our development in the future, (Pennington and McLoughlin, 2008193). through and through this definition it is notion attitudes strongly influence the way we behave. at that place are devil contrary commencees to reasonableness attitudes the geomorphological betterment and the personaal onward motion. The structural approach (Katz 1960)- states that attitudes are an evaluation ( exacting or prejudicious) of an attitude, i.e. It is expected for you to suitcase a positivist attitude towards a close patron and you might deal a negative attitude towards a political issue, this approach is broken polish into three components. (Pennington and McLoughlin 2008193-194). Cognitive- our thoughts Affective- our feelings and emotions Behavioural- our behaviour The functional approach ties to understand and explains what the purpose of the attitude is for the individual there are five differen t attitudes in this function. (Pennington and McLoughlin 2008197). adjustive function- helps achieve inclination and avoids the undesirable. Self- expression- our opinion, attitudes and views. Ego- defensive function protects self- esteem and promotes positive self image, Freudian theory. Knowledge function- helps with twist and organisation. Social enrollment function- helps manage social situation. Central traits are pieces of information we hook onto whilst forming first impressions, these have disproportional influences over our final impressions. Primacy force play information presented first has the strongest influence on impressions formed.

Develop a Game or Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Develop a Game or Activity - Essay ExampleThey found that virtually of the employees know nothing about people naturalizeing around them. They decide to introduce new ritual a small birthday party for all employee, but they concern about their cultural and personal beliefs which can affect such celebrations. The task of trainees is to gather information about colleagues, and image how the staff would manoeuver different birthday parties. Theme How well do you know the people around youFirst part The employees will be divided into two groups. apply the Intranet (and telephone) employees have to gather information about their colleagues (from the competitors group), and find possible similarities and differences about age, culture, religion, etc. Time limits 40 min. Second part Both groups have to clear a small birthday presentation for one of the employees (form another group) according to his preferences and cultural values ( agency suffer).Analysis This activity (game) was ch osen because the rise of computers at work has not only increased the need for computer skills fellowship, but also created new training formats. Computer-based training is interactive, self-paced instruction using software teaching tools. Computer-based training can take a variety of forms. Some companies have staffed computer labs where employees can drop by to practice, with personal assistance available if needed. This game develops query and analytical skills, groupthink and problem solving skills. It has little to do with organizational context, but it will help employees to know each other and improve their communication. Performance accompaniment systems are useful because participants in a training program (game) can retain only a limited amount of information and usually not as much as has been taught. With a performance support system, however, employees can get training help and information at the exact time needed--the trainable moment. Computer-related knowledge s eams, in which employees follow certain specified procedures lend themselves most readily to performance support systems. But these systems also help train employees on job tasks that require problem-solving and decision-making skills (Allen 1996).This game will help to examine managerial communication and its impact on different employees, identify its strengths and weaknesses. This game has some elements of the role play because trainees are asked not just to imitate the performance, but also to apply these skills and behaviors to a sample situation in which different individuals play certain roles. firmness and discussing problems helps trainees learn technical material and content, and role plays are an excellent way of applying the interpersonal skills being emphasized in the training. If done well, role plays give trainees the chance to integrate new skills with job behavior. This method enhances further training by illustrating how to apply instruction in practice. Demonstr ations are ideal for basic skills training, while role playing works well for building complex behaviors such as interpersonal or management skills. During this game,

HUME Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HUME - Essay Examplethere are other things rather than right that produces more happiness is a counterexample to the argument that, whatever promotes the superlative happiness for the greatest number of people is right. There is a possibility that an individual deal receive utility from the wrong action. Lastly, it is not true that every last(predicate) persons have bodies since we do not know whether the person God has a body. Besides, we never know if a person is an idea, imagination or a thought.Hume proposes that all told objects of human reasoning or inquiry are either ideas or matter of facts. Relations of ideas are mostly mathematical verities, and hence irrefutable without reservation contradictions. Moreover, he maintained that ideas are discoverable by thoughts without necessarily depending on experience. On the other hand, matters of facts are all claims of real existence and hence a refutation that something exists certainly not a contradiction.Hume argues that cause and final result enable the understanding of the matter of facts. Basing on Humes argument, the correlation between cause and effect is the solitary means by which the human mind works. Nevertheless, Hume further suggests that conventions of cause and effects are never necessarily factual or genuine. Subsequently, one can easily deny the causal connection between cause and effect without contradiction since such connections are mere assumptions but not subject to

Measurement of human processes (Project Management) Assignment

Measurement of human processes (Project Management) - Assignment ExampleTherefore, the development of a good visual system is of dreadful benefit to the bedevil manager. A paper system in binders is a poor way of keeping people informed. This drags the organization behind in forward motion tracking and reporting (Kerzer, 74). Poor scheduling or resource management (mismanagement) by the ramble manager often leads increasing your chances of project failure. This is beca persona managing any project is managing a schedule, but a schedule is typically a collection of resources that are being managed on a schedule. There is poor scheduling on elicitation techniques, use cases, user screen design specifications, reports, business rules, functional, and the non-functional requirements (76). Weak requirements definitions which lead to planning inadequacy, this is brought about by the project manager failing to divulge his or her target. One way of identifying project requirements is by describing how the end results look like in measurable terms. Requiring of a soft ware that is easy to use is an objective measure of our testing. Poor requirements lead to poor development and design. A software program ends up doing the wrong things for the users resulting in massive re-tests and rework. According to Kerzer (78) he asserts that inadequate planning, risks, resources, and assumptions by the project manager often leads to a failed project. ... This may be attributed to the fact that you may not be trained in the manipulation of that software or technology. Ineffective quality controls which make you to deliver what the client does not want. The poor balances and check systems results in these ineffective quality controls. In addition, or so of the projects have a system of correcting problems but do not have a system of corrective action Managing multiple projects at the same measure or multi-tasking resources goes against, less is more, and focus is power. Mult itasking introduces schedule risk and complexity which impacts negatively on all projects involved. Supply chain failures which emanates from contracted work. Managing of contractors is an inherent risk because they may not be having the level of skills required for the job. Contractors also have that tendency to multitask so as to stay busy thus introducing complexity and schedule risk. mountain range creep or poor analysis of impacts has an effect on the schedule, budget, and resources. It means there is an increase in the on what is delivered without a corresponding increase in resources to the project timeline. This can actually be alleviated by performing good impact analysis and clarification of real requirements. Another failure of project is attributed to lack of qualified resources and personnel. This makes you to question your resources thus giving the wrong task to the wrong person (Anderson, 1). Discussion 2 I have the following characteristics visionary, decisive, a go od motivator, technically competent, and support team members. Those that I need to work on are being a good motivator, encouraging new ideas, and stand up up to top management when necessary.

Global Business Plan, Hallmark Greeting Cards in Spain Assignment

Global Business Plan, trademark greet Cards in Spain - Assignment ExampleSpains two main(prenominal) cities, Madrid and Barcelona have a good number of shopping malls in the towns and their outskirts. These shopping malls are popular among the majority of tourists visiting Spain. This potential new grocery presents Hallmark with risks like currency fluctuations, infra anatomical structure, and another market risk. The company has analyzed Spains political-legal environment and come up with a global company structure to accommodate it. An international promotion strategy can give the company advantage over its potential competitors (Grover, 2007).The competition mainly consists of two companies, Stockwell Greetings, and International Greetings. Hallmark looks to utilize its brands strong presence in other European countries and its experience in global markets to have an advantage over the competitors. industrial technology and chemical products are Spains top exports (Quora.com, 2014). The company has assessed the economic environment and forecasted the potential start-up costs involved. Start-up costs include takeovers and Foreign Direct investment funds (FDI). Financing is to be done internally through grants (Quora.com, 2014).The market size for address cards in Spain is relatively large. It is that over 7 billion greeting cards are buyd every year. Total revenue generated from greeting card sales are said to be over 7.5 billion. 90% of Spanish households bribe greeting cards every year. An average household purchases 30 greeting cards annually. Women account for a noteworthy percentage of greeting card purchases. Women purchase over 80% percent of the total sales while Spanish men only buy greeting cards on special events (Grover, 2007).Greeting cards appeal mainly depends on a proper understanding of the customers culture. Translation errors brought up by direct translation have a significant

Role of NGO's Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Role of NGOs - Research Paper ExampleWith respect to this, this paper leave alone hypothesize that NGOs in Haiti and Cambodia have been unable to achieve their objectives because most of the silver that they received from the donors are mismanaged.Many analysts have maintained that the systems that administer NGOs in Cambodia are ineffective, especially because the NGOs do not have ownership, but again others have recommended that their system can be constituted to look like a concept of a project. To verify this proposition, this paper will hypothesize that NGOs that are integrated into a decision-making process or those that have a design of a broadcast are more efficient than those that operate in a conventional structure. Finally, some authors, for example, Schuller (2007), have postulated that NGOs have failed to implement their projects on time because the donors fail to drop out funds on time since they impose stringent restrictions to ensure accountability. In effect, th is paper will hypothesize that most of the NGOs do not achieve their goals because the funds that they get from foreign donors are usually string

Manufacturing and Production Enterprises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Manufacturing and Production Enterprises - Essay ExampleCIM involves go for of other independent technologies like the computer in all sections of the business fashioning it easier to monitor the progress of severally section and monitor process flow. Information sharing to any employee demanding it for effective decision-making if made easier. On implementation, businesses implement it diametrically and use tools that are dependent on diverse factors affecting the business (Markert & Backer, 2009). This makes it more of a manufacturing philosophy than a technology since it is adopted differently by different placements to suit their demands. CIM does not include a specific implementation process or predetermined structure that is to be adopted by any organization intending to use the strategy. There are no specific technologies that are identified to be part of the setup.With no specific implementation structure, CIM is more of a oversight strategy that intends to assist busin esses integrates their existing technologies to achieve quality products. An integration of electrical, information and mechanical subsystems makes it possible for management personnel in design and manufacturing to communicate with each other using computer workstations (Markert & Backer,

Management in GIFC Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management in GIFC Company - Case Study ExampleThe company caution should take an audit of the entire formation and get an understanding of their marketplace. Some of the issues Maria and the associates should survey the competitive environment to know the companies offering similar products. The company should establish whether there are new(prenominal) companies offering Chinese or Greek foods that Johnny suggests as an investment of the GIFC Company. The company should also establish the organizations real competencies to venture into a new expansion. For instance, it would be advisable for all the entire management team to join a management institute and acquire specific skills to suit their roles.The other step to promote the management to strategize the activities of the company and its expansion by identifying what is important (Brasfield, 2012). The company management should focus on where they have to take their organization over time to bring out a long-term defined mi ssion. The most important things to bear in mind for the organization to grow are the customers, the market size, and the products they will offer to their clients. In addition, employee welfare, communication, and motivation are key issues for consideration (Brasfield, 2012). The conceptualizations of what the organizations future should appear will enable it to achieve its vision and grow tremendously. The organization management should their priorities that will require the full and immediate attention of the whole team. The strategic plan should, therefore, focus on such issues to ensure that the right decisions are make they can embark on major changes for expansion of their business operations.

The Promise of Stem Cell Research for Solving Complex Medical Problems Paper

The Promise of Stem Cell for Solving Complex Medical Problems - Research Paper ExampleIt is evidently assimilate from the discussion that husk kiosk research might seem to be a catch-all solution to a myriad of clinical problems. If the public listens to certain corners of the bioethics field, alkali cell research might seem to be a scientific solution that comes at a great cost to human life. Of course, most approaches to subject cells contain far more nuance than for and against embryonic cell research however, it is a polarizing subject that is divisive even among researchers in the field. The purpose of this paper is to furbish up some of the challengesboth estimable and scientificposed to embryonic fundament cell research, which includes looking at possible future directions for clinical practices, research agendas, and ethical systems that might oppose the use of embryonic stem cell lines. Overall, the promise of stem cell research includes not only the potential for be nefiting mankind with novel kinds of treatment for painful and debilitating diseases, but also the potential for creating these treatments in ways that do not harm human dignity. First, a distinction should be drawn between embryonic and adult stem cells, particularly with regard to differences in their potentials to grow and regenerate tissues. Stem cells in general be a r are subset of primitive cells that, at the single-cell level, can self-renew as well as give rise to mature, differentiating daughter cells. According to the NIH, embryonic stem cells are big easily in culture, while adult stem cells are rare in mature tissues. Accordingly, isolating these cells from an adult tissue is difficult, and methods to develop more cells in cell culture piss not yet been developed. This distinction is significant insofar as large numbers of cells are needed for stem cell replacement therapies. In other words, adult stem cells cannot provide a sufficient level of coverage for stem cel l research, let alone stem cell treatments on a public level. Therefore, stem cell research is normally biased toward the use of embryonic stem cells. Such stem cells are taken from embryos that are fertilized in vitro. The development of cells in a laboratory setting is known to scientists as cell culture. Embryonic stem cells are big(p) by transporting cells from a pre-implantation embryo into a culture environment that holds a nutrient-rich base known as a culture medium. Over the process of development, the cells depart and coat the surface of the dish into which they were transported. Once a cell line is developed, the original stem cells can produce millions or perhaps billions of embryonic stem cells for researchers to utilize in making discoveries and potentially treating diseases. Stem cells that proliferate in a cell culture of an extended period of time but have not differentiated into a specific kind of cell are known as pluripotent (meaning, literally, not constrained toward a specific developmental pathway). These cells are truly useful because they can be

Art, science, and imagination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art, science, and imagination - Essay ExampleIn particular the author has identified the changing technology to be the main factor in the determining changes that ar eminent in our society. The culture image has over days changed due to the concept of receiving and perception of the images that are around us. Berger further states that the modern demand for visual image of images is so high in our present world that the images end up being degraded by the same people visualizing them. fit in to Berger, one has to deeply understand something before appreciating it otherwise any judgment prior to this is unjust. All through the paper, he maintains that people always look at things and visualizes them even in dreams. However really few people do have the chance of showing interest on the actual happening of what they behold rather their assumptions are always made from the things that they can see. Very few people find out what is happening in the inside and so make a lot of unju stify judgments. Due to this fact, he maintains that people have wrongly used the appearance instability to make judgments. He maintains that there is very minimal chance of a new product being made with its source being in direct contact with it. Most of the theories of Berger are justified but at some point, I fail to agree with him. I believe that there is a major role that anxiety plays in the judgement of how an object is like, to someone viewing it. This is because some viewers take no time to know what is inside the object that they are looking at. According to Berger, to the highest degree of the viewers tend to be blind to the real life that they are living and as a result, they fail to understand what the real images that they see contain. As a result of this, communication in the current society is much complex. Wilson E.O presents a very contradicting idea to Bergers ideas through his essay The Bird of promised land. Depicting himself as a hunter and a poet, he links both the world of science and art. He narrates how he came into contact with nature in a research. Berger concludes that natural selection plays a major role in explaining how synthetic and analytic perspectives are reached. According to him, both work together to insure the success of natural selection. This is contradictive to the theory of Berger in which he insists that the world of artists are based on theory, and how people interpret art and imagine personal things. This would accordingly mean that the world of art and science are too complex to merge. In her essay, Imagination and the Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature Emily Brady maintains that the individual subject is critical to the appreciation of all forms of art. By so it means that every individual can appreciate art in their own way through visualization of any image. This is in contrast to Bergers essay in which he maintains that visualizations without the deep understanding of an image are not possible. Emily insi sts that the aesthetic responses to art are guided by the art itself and the individual preference. Therefore some people may not appreciate the work of an artist not because they have not looked at it from within but because of their own personal preference. I can deeply understand this theory in my daily life while playing piano. A year ago, I fell in love with Chopins music and started to practice it. During the first a few days of practicing, I rivet mainly on the basic skills and closely followed the music paper, the accuracy of the notes, strength of the staccato, and the

Fashion and Consumer Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fashion and Consumer Culture - Essay ExampleThe essay Fashion and Consumer Culture concerns the consumerism and fashion. Factors include religion, beliefs, climate, gender, and economic and cultural situation, among some others. though fashion may change as dictated by society, clothes be more than just about warmth and protection. In fact, clothes withdraw become a representation of particular cultures that create them. Clothes ar considered consumer goods. But then again, more than being consumer goods, it defines the cultural class that wears them. It is one of those consumer goods that are being used as tools for social mobility as stated in the Conspicuous Consumption theory by 19th Century economist and sociologist Thorstein Veblen. In his book The Theory of the Leisure Class An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions, he says that luxury goods are tools to presentment economic power, and that such display of discretionary economic power is a means of attaining or maintaining a particular social status. Moreover, as an elaboration, these consumer goods have become tools to provoke envy from other people. Ultimately, consumer goods, and fashion is one of them, is a means of displaying a buyers superior socio-economic status. In the article Consumption and the Consumer Society, it says that the average United States resident consumes 275 lbs. of meat, uses 635 lbs. of paper and uses energy equivalent to 7.8 metrics tons of oil. Forty-five years ago consumption was about half of current statistics. In the U.S. there are 2 persons.

Compare and contrast the approaches taken by John Lewis Partnership Essay

Compare and contrast the approaches taken by John Lewis Partnership and Tesco plc with regard to their social and community resp - Essay ExampleThis management fashion and culture is analyzed by assessing the social and community responsibilities of both the organizations. As with any company, both the organizations have put a groovy point towards their unified social responsibility. twain the organizations have worked immensely towards the building of society and shown great care towards the environment in which they operate. The barely difference between the two organizations is the feature that Tesco plc operates around the globe whilst JLP has just to focus on its UK market community only as it operates over there only. Both the companies are heavy mired in volunteering and fundraising for charities and other local communities. Besides the community, the company has kept a great focus on the environment in which they operate. Both the companies are heavily involved in c ontributing a great deal towards the environment, both of these companies have a major focus on reducing their carbon footprints, Tesco has kept a dour term view in this perspective, it aims to be a zero carbon business by 2050. Both the companies have kept spacious objectives for themselves with respect to the environment in which they operate. ... it aims to plant 950,000 trees in Thailand, reducing carrier baggage use by 70% and 20% in UK and Japan respectively. As Tesco is a large organization, it has to cater to all the countries demands and has to focus within every country in which it operates so that it does not lose its appeal and goodwill created amongst its customer. This focus onto the environment is considered to be one of the major steps in creating greater goodwill amongst the customers of both the organizations. Tesco, as opposed to JLP has been really focused on to the humour change factor. Tesco knows that the climate change factor has been highly debatable thes e days and that is the reason that Tesco has aimed to create awareness amongst its customers about the climate change factor and how the cut back usage of packaging material and high focus of green recycling can help in contributing towards a better climate and environment. As far as the products are concerned, Tesco offers a wide variety of products as opposed to JLP. But as for the method of sale, both the companies have kept great quality standards within their products. Both the companies have ensured that their respective products are of the greatest value to their customers. Proper laws are also followed while selling off these products. Both the companies tend to ensure their customers that the products being offered are produced responsibly. The companies have kept special focus and great relationship with their suppliers as strong bondage with these suppliers ensure long term growth for both the company as well as the suppliers. The companies also have a great focus toward s their customers as customers are the only people that generate funds for the company. Both the companies have had a great

Taxation Law and Practice A Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Taxation Law and Practice A - Case Study ExampleThis is in order to avoid double taxation as Joe is whitewash going to pay income tax on this get as part of his income. The bonus payment of $5,000 shall not be considered for this particular period. This is because it was paid to Joe on 10 July 2014 .This particular date falls outside of the financial year 2013/14 that runs from 1July 2013 to 1 July 2014.In Section 8.1 of the ITAA97, the company is allowed to deduct any amounts from its assessable income if this amount was incurred in the gaining or the production of the assessable income. In this situation, the amount paid to Joe was for his skills as a labourer. This skill enabled the company to conduct its business and hence be able to make income from its activities. It is therefore right to assume that the amount the company paid to Joe should not be taxed and is therefore a deductible from the assessable income of the company.MM have to pay employee highly. The Superrannuatio n Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992 governs the relationship between employees and their employers. It includes details about the employers liability in the making of the payments. It also states how the calculation of the super guarantee charge is done. Contributions should be paid by the 28th of the month that follows the end of the quarter1. Failure to do this will result in the payment of a superannuation charge by the employers. Joe is qualified to have this payment made for him on his behalf by the company. The requirements are that the employee should be over 18 years overaged and they should earn more than $450 before taxation in a calendar month. Super payments are normally calculated and made after every common chord months. The payment of a former employee of backdated payments means that the super payments that had accrued to that employee must also be paid. The employees that are excluded from this arrangement include those who earn less than $ 450 in a month. Emplo yees who are

Does Harry Summers understand Clausewitz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Does Harry Summers understand Clausewitz - Essay ExampleThe end of World War II power saw the rise of nuclear threat and we started hearing terms such as limited contend and theory analysis. War has now become precisely a gimmick and is mainly won by theatrics. The concept of victory has been entirely modified.War and military are now just the servants of an executive. Patriotism and endurance are mere drugs now that are injected into the minds of nave and oblivious people to make them do things that no man would choose to do otherwise. According to Summers (and Clausewitz) the administration of monarchy still exists. It has just been transformed into something better looking. What conceals it is media tactics and gimmicks.Part II of this study reveals that wars can be won even in most obstinate circumstances as long as the political and military objectives are kept in harmony. In the Vietnam War, American people were angry because a war was waged in their name but without thei r permission. Moreover, the military heads kept making all the decisions of war without any consultation and without any real support. And as a result, the snarly policies lead them to complete chaos. US army considered the guerillas of war as the main enemy when they were in fact just a proxy force which was really well used by the

How can you apply this guidance to your own reports Essay Example for Free

How can you apply this guidance to your own reports EssayLets face it that in reality, no matter what type of present tenseation you were about to present weve all sat through some pretty bad presentations. When delivering a report, you have to establish the audiences economic aid and buy-in within the first 30 seconds because if you dont have their attention from the beginning and be able to maintain interest throughout the presentation, your message is lost.So it is very important to somehow follow the following tips on how to break the attention of your audiences be sure you are sensitive enough to the urgencys of your audiences, build strong relationships with them, be able to control your style and tone, maintain a strong sense of etiquette, emphasize the positive and use a bias-free language. For considering your audiences, it is fulfilling if you were about to satisfy their needs and be able to marked a good learning.Considering the things we need to know about (hypot hetical) reader to craft a successful proposal, first and foremost we need to identify who our target market is. Giving us the subject to what aspect of information should the writer focuses his / her proposal. After this, the writer must be able to give attention on the interests of the readers. Giving the readers an idea on how to actively conduct or participate on putting the information into actions.Aside from credible information, it must be noted that readers be able to identify what fleshiness is and that what are its causes, how to prevent or be able to cure it. Having all the great information, the hook factor should also be present in doing a proposal. Do the readers agree or disagree with what has been said and that whether the readers interests were properly addressed by the writer.

Bruno - Boy in the Striped Pajamas Essay Example for Free

Bruno Boy in the Striped Pajamas EssayTALKATIVEBruno is portrayed as talkative in the novel The Boy in the Striped Pajamas because when he went exploring he gear up a boy, named Shmuel on the other side of the fence he was not shocked to not only talk to him but, to have a bit of a conversation with Shmuel, although he had never met this boy before. here is some of the conversation the devil young boys carried on the first time they had met Hello, said Bruno. Hello, said the boy. Ive been exploring, he said. Have you? said the little boy. Yes. For almost two hours now. Have you found anything? asked the boy. Very little. Nothing at all? Well, I found you, said Bruno after a moment (page 106-107).CREATIVEBruno is described as creative in this novel because when he let it slip to his sister that because of the rain he hadnt been able to go and see Shmuel for a few days he was quickly able to make up an excuse that Shmuel was his imaginative sensation I have a new friend, he began. A new friend that I go see everyday. And hell be waiting for me by now. But you cant tell anyone. Why Not? Because hes an imaginary number friend, said Bruno trying his best to look embarrassed, just like Lieutenant Kotler had when he had became trapped in his story about his father in Switzerland. We job together everyday (page 155)CURIOUSIn this novel Bruno is showed as curious because he loves to explore even though it is off limits at the new house, Out-With, Here is an example of a time when Bruno went exploring Before heading of in that direction, though, there was one final thing to investigate and that was the bench. All of these months hed been tone at it and staring at the plaque from a distance and calling it the bench with the plaque, but he still had no idea what it said. looking at left and right to make sure that no one was coming, he ran over to it and squinted as he read the words. It was only a small tan plaque and Bruno read it quietly to himself. Pres ented on the occasion of the opening of He hesitated. Out-With Camp, he continued, stumbling over the name as usual. June nineteen forty (page102).CARINGBruno is specify as caring throughout the book because he doesnt recognize the various barriers presented, between him and Shmuel, Bruno is also very caring as he treats Shmuel as an equal unlike the soilders and many people around him. Perhaps you can make do to dinner with us one evening, said Bruno, although he wasnt sure it was a very good idea. Perhaps, said Shmuel, although he didnt sound convinced. Or I could come to you, said Bruno. Perhaps I could come and meet your friends, he added hopefully (page 132). This specific reference from the novel shows two different barriers between Shmuel and Bruno, one existence the fence between them and the other being the families when they go to supper together.

Kantian ethics Essay Example for Free

Kantian ethics EssayKant argued for the use of a normative ethical theory ground around the idea that all men have a similar common goal his theory was absolute ( subject matter unrivalled must follow a common set of encounters no matter the scenario) and deontological (focused on actions themselves rather than the outcome of utter actions). Kant advised the use of this theory despite it being a priori, meaning he had no observations or experience of the theory in practice.Kant believed that all men have duties which they ought to fulfil, not to gain a desired outcome or avoid a less desired outcome, but simply because it is their duty. For example, if we can assume it is always wrong to kill people, it would be considered guilty to kill person even if that action saved the lives of hundreds of people. Similarly, if you consider a foetus to be alive then it would be immoral to terminate it no matter the adjoin it would have on the mothers physical or mental health. Nearly everyone would find fault in the former, notably fewer for the latter, yet I would hope that the majority would still disagree.David Gauthier suggested that as morality is an agreed concept, designed so that people cannot run amok doing as they please with no esteem for others, an absolutist theory cannot function as rules are subject to interpretation. Let us briefly consider the foetus example once more, if the rule states that it is immoral to take a life, what should be considered a life? Does life start at conception or at birth, or maybe somewhere in between. For this reason, though an absolute theory should be applied to every situation, the rules do not necessarily mean the same thing for every single person.Kant said that in enjoin to create a duty one had to pass it through three tests, the first of which being the law of nature. This law states that in order for something to become a duty it must be capable of being universalised, so everyone must be able to follow sai d duty ad infinitum. So, for example jump the queue could not become a duty as if everyone jumped the queue there would be no queue to jump. Though this seems sensible, it is potential that immoral acts could be universalised. For example lie to people could be universalised even though it is a traditionally immoral act. Not notwithstanding that but the rule could easily be manipulated by phrasing things differently, for instance everyone called Hector Benjamin Stellyes can jump the queue could be universalised as it would most likely only apply to me.To counteract these faults Kant put in place a second law, the law of volitions. This stated that for something to become a duty it must be desirable for the population. This rule however, also has faults. In order for a rule to satisfy an entire population (and if this theory was applied worldwide that would be nearly 7.5 meg at the time of writing) it would have to be extremely broad, leaving it open to being interpreted in drasti cally different ways. If the rule said that one simply had to please the majority, what happens to those who disagree? As all duties are absolute and universal, one would have to do something they disagreed with in order to be moral citizens.Kant attempts to rebutter this with his argument that all humans still have free will, even though they should follow their duty they dont have to humans detain autonomous. However, some would suggest that though humans are nearly always capable of independent thought, it is human nature to be moral. A psychological teaching by Yale in 2013 on a number of babies that were as of yet unaffected by modern culture (they couldnt read, speak etc.) making them close purely instinctual showed that it is human nature to be good. If society tells you that there are a set list of moral acts, most people will conform to these acts to the best of their ability.So far, we have a set of rules and how this set of rules are constructed, so now I ask why shoul d anyone follow this ism? If we should not consider consequences when doing our duty, what reason do we have to do so? Kant believed there to be two separate reasons to perform any action the so-called imperative and the categorical imperative.

Literature Review On Inventory Control Management Finance Essay

Literature Review On Inventory Control Management Finance EssayThe Assam teatime leaf prison termtime Corporation is a pioneer in producing high quality tea having its own impact plant with an excellent implication of entry check over. The primary(prenominal) show of this state is to conduct a literature review on the inventory control management and the operations in practice of the Assam tea leaf corporation impact plant where I was employed.The company has an efficient structure of inventory control and has set a standard for other companies in the same operation in that bea .The company produces a high quality tea virtuallyly meant for export in the constellation of CTC and Orthodox tea. The crossway of the company is world known for its high quality taste.They offer state of the art infrastructure in the processing plant with a highly trained employee and efficient way if inventory control. They have various social units in the processing plant i.e, starting from the picking up of green leaves which is the major part of raw material.The company has own grove unit from where the raw material is readily available. Moreover they have tie ups with other local tea gardens to ensure a steady supply of tea leaves.The tea processing unit is a thickening mechanical process urinates under the principle of operation management and inventory control.The function of it is a crucial one which has to deal with temperal and cyclical pas seuls of demand persisting in the market .The inventory control has to deal with waste management in the unit by finding come out of the closet the optimum take aim of demand .The seasonal fluctuations is mainly incorporated with the monsoon season where the merchandise of tea leaves at the blooming take aim.I was assigned with the responsibility of the assistant manager operations in the processing unit.This report mainly encounters with the various concept of inventory control and its management undertaken by an organisation with stress on inventory and its numberive control.It deals with the price related with the inventory and its profile,Usage of probabilistic estimate of demand and boilers suit role of the inventory control in a tea processing unit .There are various issues how to improvise the situations and improve the competitiveness related to the issues .The method applied to prepare this report with a high concentration on the texts and the web-source related to operations management .The information collected through all the experimentations observed and finally resorted to website and standard textbook of operations management.2.Literature Review2.1 What is inventoryInventory has a multilevel function in the process unit and the firms used to maintain mainly four level of inventories Raw material-This is the unprocessed form of the item which can be utilisied from varied takings of suppliers .This form should be used to find out the superior form by removing the supply var iability in quality,quanity or time of delivery.Work-in process(WIP) inventory-This is an intermediary form of inventory when the raw materials undergone a change but not completed.Maintanence/repair /operations(MRO) inventory-2.2 history CONTROL MANAGEMENTIn this part of analysis importance should be given when to distinguish and how much to site.The model which are pass on on independent demand can be divided into three.1. prefatory Economic Order quantity(EOQ) model2.Production order quantity3.The quantity discount modelBasic Economic Order Quantity modelThis is the most common form of the inventory control technique .The technique is based upon following assumptions-Production order quantity modelThe model is applicable under two situations.Firstly,When the order is interposed there is continuous current of inventory.Secondly,the units are produced and sold simultaneously.In the effort of Assam Tea Corporation processing unit both these situations are prevalent.In this mod el daily production rate is determined on the derriere of daily rate of demand.It is useful when inventory build up is a continuous process over the time and assumption of traditional Economic Order conditions holds valid.It is the situation where the optimum order size Q* is estimated with an equality in set up speak to to holding cost,The production order quantity modelQ=Number of pieces per orderH= place cost per unit per yearP=Daily production rated=Daily demand rate or usage ratet=Length of the production run in daysThe final expression for optimal level of inventory Q* is-Probabilistic model with constant lead timeProbailistic model with constant leadtime is highly relevant.In the nominal head of uncertain demand ,the management of the company faces challenges to maintain adequate service level.The service level can be complimented by the probability of a stock out isTo reduce stock out the company can hold inventory as safety stock.Whereas if grade point=ROP=dxLWith the addition of safety stock,the expression becomes=ROP=dxL+SSHowever annual stock out costs=The sum of the unit shortxthe probabilityxThe stock out cost per unitxthe number of orders per year2.2 COST OF listIn case inventory control analysis there are various costs pertain in the overall process.The cost of inventory is calculated in the form of unit values.However major segment of the inventory cost can be discussed as follows-THE CARRYING COST OF INVENTORYIn this segment of costs of carrying items of inventories are included.This is the cost of running a warehouse,cost that are incurred on handling and counting,costs involved in special storage ,damage and lost,insurance,tax and wornout costs.THE edict OR SET UP COSTThis is the cost which is associated with placing an order and replenishment.This cost includes all the form of orders,establishment cost needed to ensure it,inspection and receiving cost,handling the vendor invoice and the cost necessary to foregather unexpected situ ation.This may be a cost of skilled mechanic charged as per his technical specification.There are various arguments whether the cost of the skilled mechanic is a fixed cost .But Kaplan (1988),all the costs involved in the long term is virtually variable cost where in that result a person can be fired,a plant can come to shutdown.INSUFFICIENT CAPACITY COSTThe cost involved here is meant to avoid the stockout cost.In the case of production process ,it is the emergency cost needed for emergency replacement of the production equipment to enhance the output level,cost involved to speed up the process,rescheduling and assigned tame in split up version.SYSTEM CONTROL COSTSThis is the type of cost appeared in the operation process as per selection of decision system.This includes acquisition,storage,maintanence and calculation of the data.The treaining instituted by the organization and employee verification is also falls in the category costs.In Assam Tea Corporation ,there are a number of costs involved in different level of operation processes .The green leaves are initially plucked from the plantation unit and allowed to undergo different processes like picking ,wilting ,bruishing ,oxidation/agitation ,firing,yellowing,shaping,drying and curing to get the final product.In the processing unit ,one of the major cost incurred by the company is warehousing the tea product as rise as the green leaves.If the fresh leaves are not stored properly there is a greater possibility of being alter up and becomes waste.The insurance click and tax are also one of the component.The cost of placing an order is one of the significant part of the processing unit.There is an inspection unit in the company which takes sexual conquest of quality control in the unit.There is the cost of technicians expertise in that specific line During the peak season as the production process is a complex mechanical one.During the peak season ,especially during monsoon,there is always extra cost of utilizing extra-capacity,expediate the process.In that situation temporary workers are employed on the basis of shift duty with overtime bonus has to be paid.The company has to bear the cost on information system and its maintanence as it uses a data warehousing software.With the present environment of rapid change in the technology the company has to provide training for skill enhancement training to its manpower.This has been do with Tocklai Tea Research Centre,one of the leading Tea look for institute .The training cost and performance analysis cost is formed as one of the cost.KEY VARIABLES IN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT1.REPLENISHMENT LEAD metreIt is the time between placing an order and to meet the final demand of the customer physically.2.REORDER POINTIt is the point of the inventory level where the replenishment of stocked item takes place.Where ROP=dxLwhere d is the demand per day,L is the leadtime for a new order in days3.SAFETY STOCKA buffer stock to meet up an uneven d emand.OPERATION member UNIT OF TEAThe Assam Tea Corporation has its processing unit for production of CTC() and Orthodox tea in the form of .which account for almost 80% of the main production whereas the other form of teas are produced at paltry 20%.The tea processing begins with flushing of tea from Camellia Sinensis(Botanical name of tea) and after that it is dried for brew of tea,oxidization of leaves and ,stopping oxidization ,drying of leaves ,and oxidation has a main part to bring the final flavor of tea.The company produces variety of tea through different processes which can be visualised with the aid of flow-chart diagram.The process itself starts from the left hand side of the flow chart with the operation of stocking into raw material or fresh green leaves.The processing unit of the Assam Tea Corporation is highly engaged in production of black tea and green tea which constitutes 80% of the output whereas other constitutes 20% of the total production.For obtaining a bla ck tea(the red coloured flow chart) as the final product it can be seen in the diagram that after getting the fresh leaves the process undergoes with indoor witting,the CTC with full oxidation rolled to the drying unit done through desiccation and finally drying at optimum temperature,the black tea can be obtained.While for green teaTthe green coloured flow chart) after steaming and panning it is rolled to get the desirable form and finally dried to get green tea.The whole system of operation can be divided into following important parts-1.PickingA terminal bud and two leaves are plucked from Camelia Sinensis.2.WiltingWith an oxidation done in the presence of enzyme ,the tea leaves are wilted to remove the excess water from leaves.3.BrushingTo expediate oxidation ,the tea leaves are let to fall in buckets and rolled over by wheels.4.Oxidation/FermentationThe major operation of oxidation was to break down the the chlorophil and relax the tannin,as the leaves are unplowed in a climat e control room.5.Kill green/FiringTo stop the oxidation at desired level and restore the flavor this step is done.6.YellowingIt is done in a close container after firing to obtain beverage of yellow tea.7.ShapingAfter yellowing it is rolled into stripe wrinkles8.DryingThis is done to get the ultimate product or tea for sale.PROBLEMS RELATED WITH INVENTORY CONTROL IN TEA PROCESSING UNITIn the tea business it is the monsoon which has a direct effect on the production of the green tea leaves which is the main raw material for the processing .In case ,there is good rainfall the yield of the leaves goes up and supply becomes steady.In that season the production unit of the tea garden is at greater stress with low lead time which means shorter time gap in the production system to wait,move,que and set-up and run time for each component produced.On the contrary,if there is low rainfall,the production of green leaves drops and lead time is more as the supply flow is less.However ,risk facto r is present during the time of high production ,the tea leaves needs extra care so that it should not expose to moisture and in that case extra manpower is needed on shift duty basis to expedite the process.In the Assam Tea Corporation processing unit ,the production and gross sales takes place within a day.In this situation production order quabtity model is relevant as the firm is receiving its raw material over a expiration of time within a day which directly comes from the plucking unit.An optimum level of Q* is calculated to control the inventory.RecommendationsIn the view of the above discussion an optimum level of inventory can be obtained by reducing the waste in the following steps.1.Inventory PlanningAn ideal inventory planning can take place with the arrival of new one immediately after the last unit sold/dispatched.2.Establish order cyclesIn case of business with seasonal cycles it is important to establish a relationship of demand between sellers and suppliers.3.Bala nce Inventory levelInventory level should be balanced looking into the matters related to market and budget.4.Review StocksThe stocks should be reviewed as the obsolete one is equivalent to a dead capital.5.Follow up of stocksThe management should take the key decision about disposal,replacement and discontinuance of different inventory base.INVENTORY PLANNING DECISION IN TABULAR FORMATCOST AND other IMPORTANT FACTORSSERVICE REQUIREMENTCUSTOMER ORDERING CHARACTERISTICSIn this category ,the most important part is customer expectations and competitive practices,time management and influence on customer.Order characteristics include order timing and size,information about large orders on the basis of standing orders.In the tea processing unit ,the customer always is in prompt mode as the order has to reach the market and meet the price fluctuation in the auction market.DEMAND PATTERNSSUPPLY SITUATIONDemand pattern is always governed by variability and seasonality.Another important par t is presence of substitutes and ability to forecast.The green tea leaves as an inventory effected by variability of the weather condition and effected by rainfall which determines yield of the tea leaves and it is the three quarter of the month the supply is streamlined and one quarter is without any production.The presence of substitute is lowand as there is high fluctuation in the market forecasting is not an easy task.This a challenging part as to narrow down the lead time , the processing unit has to avoid any waste .At the same time reliability depends upon the flow of the inventory and at the same flexibility can be ensured with additional work force on call which can also expidiate the process.COST FACTORNATURE OF THE PRODUCTAgain the cost factor is governed by stock out cost which is also a probabilistic measure,there is also cost of carrying and spaceThe nature of the product is perishable and moisture will make it obsoleteOTHER ISSUESIn the tea processing unit the crucial point is power supply and mechanical efficiency.

A bibliography of John Lennon

A bibliography of John LennonEncomium about John LennonIntroduction Many of us disagree with moves taken by governments on specific governmental issues and thus choose to air our opinion as constitution permits. One of the major warfares listed in accounting is the Vietnam state of war of the sixties and seventies that recounts in the history of United States of America. Most Americans were strongly against U.S. involvement in Vietnam War. John Lennon, one of the famous artists in America has incessantly wrote, produced and performed a song Give Peace a Chance to denounce this war (Marie 1). This is one of his major influences as a musician that reflected his views on war in general. This was one of the political influences of music during that conviction. He was outspoken and never shy of his opinions. His famous song Imagine where he sings I hope someday youll join us, and the innovation will live as one has up to date been his best worldly known song. The song is also an in ternational anthem of peace. This proposal will show that John Lennon was such a great musician due to his outstanding imagery and involvement in social activism. corpseJohn Lennon was born in 1940 in Liverpool, England. He was born and brought up in a working class family thus giving him an exposure to genuine music. This research will show that he was a character who got fascinated by musical styles want Elvis Presley. He managed to enter in a duet group that enabled him to work with Paul McCartney. He was the founder of the famous group the Beatles. His desire for music and profound artistry is seen after Beatles broke up in 1970. He proved how talented he was by producing duet record albums with Yoko, his wife and other solo performances. He was a musician who presents eras of both history and music mainly because of his involvement with Beatles, his beliefs and attitudes. He managed to produce music that today helps us personify the 1960s and 1970s typical characteristics ( Associatedcontent.com 1). As many would comment, they like music that has a message. John Lennon would always speak about everything that was in his mind through music. This will represent the typical feature of stoners, peace-lovers and hippies of that time (1970s). He was a shameless musician of whatever he felt. This is the prime reason why he is admired even today. Through expressing his opinions, he showed fitting how important these opinions were to him and this was to tell others that they could do the same. His opinions were expressed through actions, interviews and music. Apart from his song Give Peace a Chance he also decided to appointment for peace when he lay in bed naked together with his wife for a month (Arkawy 1). The Beatles is one of the worlds greatest bandings. Its through their work that the world changed its view on lyrics and musical styles. All these achievements are credited to John Lennon. He not only founded the band but also co-wrote and wrote most of its lyrics. He spearheaded major media relations as he was outspoken on his opinions and beliefs. At one time, there was a nationwide burning of their albums due to Lennons offensiveness in an interview. He however managed to keep the group together and strong by writing more songs. This shows how persevering he was. His 1970s lyrics up to date static inspires and influences. One such remarkable song was Imagine that he used in expressing his vision of peace, hope and a poverty free world. The 1970 plastic Ono band was a solo album that had songs that were so emotionally raw. This was the time when he built a sonic environment that had bass, occasional piano, guitar and drums. Imagine was a 1971 album that again shows how plainspoken he was but had more additions of textural elements like strings in order to create sense of beauty in his music. The title breed in this album has ensured its historical importance. Since then, this track has provided inspiration and solace in moment s of humanitarian and social crisis. This paper will show that one of the major contributions in rock and roll in the 70s actually came from Lennon. Through his work and partnership with Paul McCartney, he presented himself as a singer, an instrumentalist and a political activist. He was a man with a knack for introspection and a cynical edge. It is important to pay tribute to such artists like John Lennon and others who had to voice their political concerns through music (Ringo 1). Buffalo Springfield, Creedence Clearwater Revival and Bob Dylan are others who were like him. From time to time they would express their views through music so that they are perceive by the public. Perhaps it is because of John and other artists that wars like the Vietnam War came to an end.ConclusionLennon was a musician whose works warrants more research as he demonstrate how strong he was as a musician. He will be remembered as one of the best activists, husband, musician, a father and most of all a source of inspiration. This is a man who spent the very last years in his life devoting it to spreading of love and peace to the youth. Through his music, he changed the world. He forced the whole world to question war and thus work towards a world of peace. Somebody like Martin Luther King Jr. is remembered for his contributions in the well-bred rights movement. John Lennon also left a significant impact in music as for sure, he is one of the rock stars. His songwriting partnership is one of the most successful in the 20th century. In rock and roll history, we cant mention popular music in this genre without tracks of John Winston Ono Lennon.Works citedArkawy, Amy. til now Imagining Peace John Lennons Legacy, 2009. Retrieved from http//newsjunkiepost.com/2009/12/08/still-imagining-peace-john-lennons-legacy/Associatedcontent.com. John Lennons Influence on Rock and Roll, 2008. Retrieved from http//www.associatedcontent.com/article/1125638/john_lennons_influence_on_rock_and_pg2.htm l?cat=33Marie. Political influence on music in the 60s and 70s, 2008. Retrieved from http//mariepoetryofsong.blogspot.com/2008/10/song-analysis-of-give-peace-chance.htmlRingo, Sofia. Make October 9 National John Lennon Day 2008. Retrieved from http//www.thepetitionsite.com/takeaction/213565590

Water in Architecture and Spaces

Water in Architecture and SpacesThe paper focuses on how the movement of piddle either as a feature or a function enriches the endeavor of earthly concern twists, and how this family descent is perceived by means of sensory charitable run through. Four incident studies are used. sheath meditate one is the roman type bath complex at Bath, Avon racing shell consider two is an early Modernist anatomy of a glass marquise by Bruno tight case study three is an drill of a Post Modernist piazza in New Orleans designed by Charles. W. Moore and case study four is the contemporary design of a thermal baths in Vals, Switzerland by nib Zumthor. In each case there result be an analysis of the architectural design including aspects such as symmetry and balance, de ashes, texture, signifi arousets, form, and scale. Findings will include how peeing is used in the design stead and its effect upon the human senses.The study expects to see a strong relationship amongst the presence of urine and the surrounding design of the create. Furthermore, the study hopes to establish a difference in the relationship between the sensory welcome of the two case studies where water is used as an aesthetic feature and has no practical function compared to the two baths where water is used to bathe in. The studies are ordered chronologically to enable clear identification of the evolving architectural differences between the ancient bath building, and the two twentieth snow examples. Investigation aims to explore the potential of water as an instrument to aid the architects attempts at creating illusion. Aspects such as colour, and representation of form will be analysed in the two twentieth century examples.The study will culminate with the contemporary innovation and dynamism so supremely represented in the work of Peter Zumthor. In this fourth and most important chapter the work aims to identify how contemporary developments in architectural design in compar ison with the older case studies expands and enriches the relationship between water and the human senses.MethodologyThe data for this study was collected through documentary research. Chapter one neckties from Barry Cunliffes popish Bath Discovered as a primary source and archaeological context.The baths went through several degrees of development before they were abandoned this study will use the simple plan of the first stage as an example to avoid any confusion. Because of the age of the case study it is non possible to replicate with au thusticty the exact nature of the sensory picture of using the baths. Therefore some suppositions had to be hypothetical based on the archaeological and architectural evidence used. Throughout the dissertation I will happen on Veronica Strangs book The Meaning of Water (2003) which provides a useful insight into the nature of the element in discussion. In the study of Bruno Tauts glass marquee the sensory experience will also have to con tain a hypothetical element based on documentary research as the pavilion itself no longer stands. For chapter four, internet sources were used in conjunction with journals and books to locate a firsthand account of the sensory experience of Peter Zumthors baths. As a fairly recent design of a relatively unwritten about architect it was serious to locate a diversity of sources for the baths so the chapter will draw primary(prenominal)ly from articles both(prenominal) from internet sources and from publications.IntroductionThe first chapter will look at the Roman Baths in Bath, Avon. It will explore the relationship between the architectural design, the materials used, and the human senses, focusing on the original plan of the baths in their first phase as depicted by Cunliffe (1971). This chapter will introductory to the study as it will bring into discussion aspects such as the relationship between the interior and exterior of the building as perceived through human sensory exp erience, and the atmospherical effects created by thermal waters which will be explored more thoroughly in the final chapter. It will evaluate aspects of the Roman design such as symmetry, colour, and decoration and how these might have enriched the bathing experience.Chapter two uses the case study of a glass pavilion, imagined by the poet Paul Scheerbart, and designed by Bruno Taut in 1914. The ornamental structure was designed to be exhibited at the Werkbund exhibition and was demolished soon after. The water feature is centrally pratd, designed to reflect the changing aerial through the multicoloured glass panels of the surround. Its vision of a utopian form of architecture using glass prisms provides a droll contrast to the functionally aesthetic Roman baths. It will be used to develop the idea of architecture testing the boundaries between the perception of interior and exterior and between public and private quadrangle. The presence of the water and its interaction with the light from the pavilions coloured glass means that these concepts are explored through sensory experience. Using relevant source material this chapter constructs an independent interpretation of Bruno Tauts design, focusing on its inner circular form and tiered quadriceps.In Chapter Three the case study used will be the place dItalia built by Charles W. Moore between 1974 and 1978 for the Italian community of New Orleans. The Post-Modernist design is characterised by Moores ironic interpretation of historical forms of architecture placed around a fountain in the shape of Italy. The study provides a useful contrast to the previous examples it raises questions of how symmetry in architectural design contacts the sensory perceptions. The central charge of the structure is the water feature which serves as a paradoxical unifier and separator of the experience. Furthermore, this example brings into discussion the concept of a more complex relationship between the human senses a nd water in architecture which will culminate in the final chapter.Chapter four concerns the thermal baths at Vals, Switzerland, designed by Peter Zumthor in 1996. This last and most important chapter aims to bring together aspects of the three previous examples through analysis of a contemporary design. The focus will be on Zumnors imaginative interpretation of the use of water in a natural environment. Research into his combination of technical innovation and sensitive perception hopes to establish how water can be used in contemporary architectural design to enrich the sensory human experience. Study will also focus on aspects of the design such as the careful attention paid to achieving balance and unity through features such as the combination of unalike materials used. Features of the earlier case studies such as the ambiguity of form in Moores piazza are discussed in light of Zumthors design of the baths interior. Finally, the study will assess how successful Zumthors exam ple is in uniting traditional concepts in a contemporary space.The Roman Bath Buildings at Avon, Bath.During the first century AD the Temple of Minerva and the baths were built at Bath over a thermal stick out. As part of the building process an enclosed reservoir was constructed with the point at which the water poured into the drain macrocosm open with a flight of big steps from a platform preceding(prenominal), throw ining visitors to get close to the source of the water. The opening through which the water was accessed boasted an impressive arch creating the impression of the steaming water flowing through the mouth of a cave from the centre of the earth. (Cunliffe 1971, p.26).The original entrance hall boasted three massive windows through which could be seen the sacred spring and the altar beyond. The Great Bath would originally have been covered by a masonry vaulted ceiling also with large windows in its second tier plate xxiv cunliffe. Roman glass was translucent so the baths would not have been lit as well as an open air pool. This means that there would have been no views from the windows and little sun, resulting in minimal interaction between the experience of beingness inside the building and the conditions outside. It bets that the lighting of the establishment took second place to the organisation of space inside the interior. Aside from the Great Bath the block contained two smaller chambers the calidarium (hot room), and tepidarium (a nimble acclimatising room) (Rook 1992, p.23-4), and another smaller smooth bath now known as the Lucas bath. (Cunliffe 1971, p.45).High vaulted spaces covered the thermal waters of the Great Bath to allow the steam to rise.As Macdonald says of this style of Roman roof, the chief key to the kind of sensory reaction or emotional response evoked by these buildings was the capacity of their urn-shaped shapes to induce an impression of expanding or rising hollowness.(1982, p.176) The perception of space ins ide the baths would indeed have been altered as the bather left the small het up(p) changing rooms and entered the area of the Great Bath. The warm bubbling water, with the cooler tranquil space above would have created two contrasting, yet complementary, sensory experiences. This design meant that the activity of the water environment could be enjoyed epoch the eye followed the path of rising vapours, travelling upwards to the still serenity of the noggind roof. Allowing the eye to travel, while bodily remaining in the same place would have been an integral part of the relaxation process. The height of the ceiling would have also added to the ambience by causing sounds to echo. White lime stone surrounded the bath which would have been smooth to the touch, and excavated evidence suggests that statues and other shrine-like images decorated the interior, with a fountain in the centre. It is possible to imagine how the continually changing state of the waters would have played upon the surrounding surfaces of the decoration, appearing to produce variations in colour and texture.As Veronica Strang says in her publication on water The mesmeric qualities of water are of particular interest in considering sensory perception and the creation of meaning. Schiffman (1996101) notes that the eye is automatically drawn to flickering or moving stimuli, and Gell (1992) and Morphy (1991, 1992, 1994) have shown that shimmering or visually exciting patterns can stimulate affective responses in many different cultural contexts. The shimmer and brilliance of water provide visual stimuli that are quite different from those of most objects. The visual interest of inanimate objects is gleaned by the eye actively tracing the form and colour and point. With water () the eye is presented with a luminescent image it cannot hold. Instead, it must simply absorb all of the rhythms of movement and the tiny shifts and changes. (2003, p.51).As in contemporary swimming baths it is likely that the Romans would have enjoyed sitting beside the water to watch the play of light and absorb the atmosphere. From the remains found at Bath it appears that the design included showing areas the bath itself lay in the centre of an aisled hall 109ft long by 67ft wide, divided into a nave and two side aisles, or ambulatories, by day-and-night arcades enclose with pilasters and entablature like those in the entrance hall. Each ambulatory was provided with three exedrae, a central rectangular recess with semicircular ones on either side, each frame by piers supporting arches in harmony with the main arcades. (Cunliffe 1976, p.45).These recesses, placed within a symmetric plan, would have provided places for populate to sit and view the baths, while the continuous arcades would have led the line of vision around the interior, with the effect of there being no beginning or end. This continuity of form in the main area reflects its function as a unifying space in two ways one, arc hitecturally linking the four different areas of the building, and two, providing a public space befitting of the social function of bathing itself which brought people together.To aid the concept of bathing as a social and a sacred experience certain features were designed to appeal to the human senses. The floors and walls were decorated with mosaic patterns in different colours contrasts of colour being common in Roman architecture (Macdonald 1982, p.176), and as part of the roof structures there stood tall columns in the decorative Corinthian style. As a sacred place, dedicated to Minerva, the healer, visitors were tempted to throw offerings into the sacred water of the spring in hope of their wishes being granted. The act of parting with money or something dear is a ritual made possible by the spring being situated beneath the main entrance hall. Excavations in 1878 by Mann discovered valuable offerings including pewter ornaments, a gold earring, and a pin with a pearl attache d. (Cunliffe 1976, p.28). The presence of the water source provides an enticement to the baths within, and moreover the motion of the spring beneath would have created a rich bubbling pool easily transforming the solid masonry and concrete walls into an aesthetically please yet functional space.The architecture of the baths building appears to have been entirely devoted to the ritual of bathing itself which occurred inside. As Michael Wheeler says in Roman Art and Architecture (2001)you went to the baths in great numbers to talk to and about your friends and to work off the night-before. But one thing you certainly did not do you never glanced at the untidy complex of domes and gables outside as you entered. It was the inside of the building that mattered, with its towering wall-spaces that stretched the minds of architect and sculptor and gave a sense of well-being to athletic supporter or client. (p.16).The experience of bathing was completed in a series of stages. The bathers first entered the dressing room to change, then after being anointed with oil proceeded to the series of main bathing rooms that varied in temperature (net ref. 1). In the calidarium bathers had their bodies scraped of oil and perspiration, before entering the frigidarium (cold room), where there was a small cold pool. The bather then entered the Great Bath. The Romans had no quantitative measurements for temperature, (Rook 1992, p.13) and despite the use of the walls as heating in conjunction with under floor heating there would have been relatively little control over humidity compared to contemporary bath complexes. Walls would have been damp from capillary moisture seeping up through the porous building materials and from condensation when warmer humid air came into contact with colder surfaces. This meant that the light and heat of the bath might have varied according to how many other people were using it at the time. Certainly, these baths were designed to look their best whe n full of people when the waters were moving and the steam rising and breaking in the space above.The baths were unique in that they provided a highly esteemed environment (baths were often owned by emperors) where personal ritual could be conducted in a public space which only the presence of the water would allow. The baths were peoples palaces, providing a cultural focus where all(prenominal)one could enjoy luxury on a regal scale every day. (Rook 1992, p.20). It is not difficult to imagine the many different smells of different scented oils, steam, and hot bodies. The baths complex was a wealth of money, leisure and sensual experience, and the different materials used in the design reflect this. In the hall of the Great Bath lead lined the pool which met with the limestone beside it. This contrast of material was continued throughout in the down in the mouth forms of mosaic pattern interspersed with bronze objects such as a bronze sluice in the north-east corner of the main bath. (Cunliffe 1976, p.45).As expected there appears to be a close relationship between the design of the baths at Avon and the sensory experience of the spring water which was both a functional and an aesthetic feature.These two aspects appear to have been integral to one another and it will be interesting to see how the relationship between architectural design and the human senses alters in the side by side(p) case study where water within the glass pavilion is present purely for aesthetic reasons.The Glass Pavilion designed by Bruno Taut for the Werkbund Exhibition, 1914.This case study looks at the interplay between water, light, and the senses in the early Modern Expressionist design of Bruno Tauts glass pavilion. The construction was commissioned by poet Peter Scheerbart who dreamed of a soaring glass architecture as a freeing up of architectural design. (Crasemann Collins 1962, p.12). It was a fourteen-sided prism roofed by a dome with blue, green, and gold glass panels wh ich reflected the sky. (Ward 2001, p.65). Inside was a seven-tiered chamber whose walls were made of glass panels lined with glass mosaic, and a circular staircase an unreal, unearthly flight of stairs that one descends as if through sparkling water (Pehnt 1973, p.76). On the lower level there was a rotunda with a pool and water cascading pass work steps so that the travelling sound of water would have echoed up to the highest tier. Taut claimed that the structure had been designed in the spirit of a Gothic cathedral. As Kenneth Frampton (1994) says, In effect a city crown, that pyramidal form postulated by Taut as the universal paradigm of all religious building, which together with the assent it would inspire was an essential urban element for the restructuring of society. (p.116).This comment is reflected in the use of water as a symbolic unifier in two ways. Firstly as a physical presence that mirrors the refracted light from the glass panels, creating a harmonic balance bet ween floor and ceiling and a sense of unity within the structure, and secondly as something that all living things and people need and understand as an essential part of life an essential ingredient if you like of Tauts Utopian ideal. When standing at the top of the water cascade it was possible to see upwards through the circular space in the middle to the arching space of the upper tiers beyond. This provided a visual contrast between the fluid downward movement of water and the arching pyramidal form of the roof above. Further visual delights were to be found in the wealth of colours used in the design. The cascade of water travelled over pale yellow glass, terminating in a recess of deep violet in which pictures were projected from a kaleidoscope. (Pehnt 1973, p.76.) The presence of the water served to unify peoples experience of the light into one visual component.Because this construction was not designed to be a permanent structure it did not need to meet the heavy physical demands of wear and tear. Thus it is more aesthetically pleasing than the roman bath building, which in many ways was more functional.The aisled hall of the baths had a basic rectangular form surrounded by solid stone masonry which gave the building a sense of permanence. In contrast, the circular form of Tauts skeletal structure would not have stood by itself the upper hall was domed with different coloured glass panels set into reinforced concrete ribs and relied on the stiffening effect of the panels for stability. The aesthetic function of the arched roof has not changed since the time of the Roman baths at Avon in both structures the opening out of the roof provides space in which the mind is set free to experience the sensual delights of the interior. Yet what differs in Tauts pavilion is the temporality of the structure. The height creates a paradoxical feeling of temporary permanence a brief feeling that one is almost liberated from the edge of earthly structures into the realm of the sky while the presence of the running water beneath reminds the viewer that they are still on earth.In a 1928 set about on The Aesthetics of Architecture, Bruno Taut spoke of his love for clean smoothness (quoted from Ward 2001, p.56.) This philosophy is echoed in design of the pavilion where the light which is cast down through the glass surrounds hits the lower tier and is immediately washed out and diffused by the running water. As Strang (2003, p.50) says, the most constant quality of water is that it is not constant, but is characterised by transmutability and sensitivity to changes in the environment. Thus it is possible to picture the experience of the pavilion the senses being continually stimulated by the changeability and echo of the water, the shifting light through the glass and its reflection in the water, even the smell of the humidity all of which are simultaneously and subtly changing according to the nature of the conditions outside. It is not hard to imagine how a glint of sun might suddenly have transformed the pavilion into a thousand glimmering pieces. Furthermore, the seven tiers allow the spectator to control their sensory experience by moving as close and as far away from the changing light patterns as they desire. Differing levels which induced different experiences was not a feature of the design in the Roman baths but a parallel can be drawn between this aspect of the pavilion and the galleried hallway of the baths where the public could view the spring beneath.In the comparison between the two case studies so far, the ritual of bathing with its associated sensory delights becomes replaced by the ritual of aesthetic and sensory appreciation alone without the water having any practical function whatsoever. It provides an essential focal point, detracting attention away from what would otherwise be a cold empty space. As Strang (2003) says of the properties of water Physically, it is the ultimate fluid, filling any co ntaining shape and, equally easily, fall and disappearing into the earth or evaporating into the ether. It has an extraordinary ability to metamorphose rapidly into substances with oppositional qualities, that is, the highly visible, concrete solidity of ice, and the fleeting dematerialisation of steam. Each state is endlessly reversible, so that this polymorphic range is always potentially present. (p.49).It is this changeability and potential of water that enables the pavilion to function as a dynamic public, yet personal, building. The tiered levels above allow room for private contemplation in a public space. It is clear that the function of the water differs to that of the Roman baths, however, the aesthetic experience in both fulfils a maxim quoted by Walter Gropius that art is none other than the transformation of supramundane thoughts into objects of sensory perception. (quoted from Pehnt 1973, p.35). In terms of the baths at Avon and Tauts pavilion, what could have been a n ordinary mundane experience the act of bathing, the observation of an ornamental structure, is transformed by the design of the building in conjunction with the presence of water and its effect on the senses into something extraordinary.The circular form of the interior creates a bubble where the spectator becomes isolated from the outside world the changing light and the movement of water creating a sense of timelessness. As Simon Urwin (2003, pp.125-6) says every body has around it what might be called a circle of presence that contributes to its own identification of place. When a body is in relationship with others, their circles of presence affect each other. When a body is put into an enclosure or cell its circle of presence is also contained and perhaps moulded.If this is true then the sensory experience of the individual in the pavilion would be shaped by the circular presences of the tiers and the water below culminating in a rich and lasting personal experience. In the roman bath building we see a fine contrast to this experience where the functional aspect of the water would have caused Urwins circles of presence to be broken down so that public and private space become one. Indeed Taut himself stared that he demanded no distinction between public and private buildings. (quoted from Jencks 1985, p.61).As a final point for the case of the pavilion, it is worth considering the very structure itself and the space it contains. Its function although not practical like the baths is to provide an intermediary place between the exposure of the outdoors and the confines of the indoors, a space out of time. The use of different coloured glass creates a fascinating interplay between light and water while creating an enclosure without the feeling of being enclosed. This brings up interesting issues relating to the boundaries of interior and exterior which will be looked at in greater detail when comparing these studies to Zumthors work later on. The next case study explores an open air piazza the design of which provides a stark contrast to Tauts pavilion. The chapter aims to identify the evolving complexity of the relationship between architectural design, water and the senses moving on now to an example built in 1974.